# Global Languages

**Source**: https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/global-studies-languages/
**Parent**: https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/

As MIT students pursue an expanding spectrum of international engagements, Global Languages classes and immersive international experiences help prepare them to live and work in the diverse and multilingual context of a globalizing world. Through our curriculum, students develop communicative and intercultural competencies, critical thinking skills, intellectual curiosity, diversity awareness, and cross-cultural understanding.

MIT’s Global Languages program offers a variety of areas of study in international languages, cultures, and intercultural communication. The curriculum consists of subject sequences in Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish studies taught in the target language; a subject sequence in Studies in International Literatures and Cultures (SILC) taught in English; and subjects on the theory of languages taught by Linguistics faculty.

Concentrations are available in Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Theory of Language. Students can also fulfill a concentration in Other Languages by taking coursework in Arabic at MIT, or in other languages taken through cross-registration at Harvard or Wellesley. Minors are available in Chinese, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish; majors are available in French, German, and Spanish.

[Bachelor of Science in Global Studies and Languages (Course 21G)](#global-languages-literatures-bs-course-21g)

[Other Degree Programs](#other-degree-programs)

[Minor in Chinese](#chinese-minor)

[Minor in French](#french-minor)

[Minor in German](#german-minor)

[Minor in Japanese](#japanese-minor)

[Minor in Spanish](#spanish-minor)

[Other Minors](#other-minors)

## Undergraduate Study

### Bachelor of Science in Global Studies and Languages (Course 21G)

[Program I in French Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/global-studies-languages-course-21g/), [Program II in German Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/global-studies-languages-course-21g/#germanstudiestext), and [Program III in Spanish Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/global-studies-languages-course-21g/#spanishstudiestext) are designed to provide competence in reading, writing, and speaking; general knowledge of French, German, or Spanish culture and literature; and advanced subjects in literature, film, and cultural studies.

For each option, the student designs a program in consultation with an advisor in order to meet individual interests, abilities, and goals. However, all majors reflect a balance of historical, geographical, cultural, and linguistic competence.

### Other Degree Programs

Joint degree programs are offered in French, German, and Spanish, and include majors in combination with a field in engineering or science (21E, 21S). See the Department of Humanities section for [further information on joint degree programs](https://catalog.mit.edu/schools/humanities-arts-social-sciences/humanities/#undergraduatetext).

### Minor in Chinese

The Minor in Chinese typically consists of six subjects arranged into three levels of study as follows:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tier I | |  |
| Two language subjects at the intermediate level: | |  |
| Select one of the following options: | | 24 |
| Option 1: | |  |
| [21G.103](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.103 "21G.103") | Chinese III (Regular) |  |
| [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104") | Chinese IV (Regular) |  |
| Option 2: | |  |
| [21G.109](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.109 "21G.109") | Chinese III (Streamlined) |  |
| [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110") | Chinese IV (Streamlined) |  |
| Tier II | |  |
| Select two language subjects at the advanced level from either Option 1 or Option 2: | | 24 |
| Option 1 (Regular): | |  |
| [21G.105](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.105 "21G.105") | Chinese V (Regular): Discovering Chinese Cultures and Societies |  |
| [21G.106](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.106 "21G.106") | Chinese VI (Regular): Discovering Chinese Cultures and Societies |  |
| [21G.112](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.112 "21G.112") | Intermediate Chinese in Shenzhen |  |
| [21G.118](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.118 "21G.118") | Advanced Chinese in Shenzhen |  |
| [21G.120](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.120 "21G.120") | Business Chinese |  |
| Option 2 (Streamlined): | |  |
| [21G.113](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.113 "21G.113") | Chinese V (Streamlined) |  |
| [21G.112](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.112 "21G.112") | Intermediate Chinese in Shenzhen |  |
| [21G.118](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.118 "21G.118") | Advanced Chinese in Shenzhen |  |
| [21G.120](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.120 "21G.120") | Business Chinese |  |
| Tier III | |  |
| Select two of the following subjects in Chinese literature, history, or culture, at least one of which must be a Chinese Language Option subject: | | 25 |
| [21G.041[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.041 "21G.041[J]") | Foundations of East Asian Literature and Culture: From Confucius to the Beats |  |
| [21G.042[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.042 "21G.042[J]") | Three Kingdoms: From History to Fiction, Comic, Film, and Game |  |
| [21G.043[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.043 "21G.043[J]") | From Yellow Peril to Model Minority: Asian American History to 1968 |  |
| [21G.045[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.045 "21G.045[J]") | Global Chinese Food: A Historical Overview |  |
| [21H.151](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.151 "21H.151") | Dynastic China |  |
| [21H.152](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.152 "21H.152") | Modern China |  |
| [21H.186](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.186 "21H.186") | Nature and Environment in China |  |
| 21H.351 |  |  |
| [21T.241](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21T.241 "21T.241") | China on Stage |  |
| *Chinese Language Option (CLO) Subjects:* 1 | |  |
| [21G.133](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.133 "21G.133") | Three Kingdoms: From History to Fiction, Comic, Film, and Game |  |
| [21G.190](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.190 "21G.190") | Advertising and Media: Comparative Perspectives |  |
| [21G.192](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.192 "21G.192") | Modern Chinese Fiction and Cinema |  |
| [21G.193](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.193 "21G.193") | Introduction to East Asian Cultures: From Zen to K-Pop |  |
| [21G.194](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.194 "21G.194") | China in the News: The Untold Stories |  |
| [21G.195](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.195 "21G.195") | Classics of Chinese Literature in Translation |  |
| [21G.196](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.196 "21G.196") | Global Chinese Migration, 1567-Present |  |
| Total Units | | 73 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| *1* | *The seven 13-unit Chinese Language Option subjects— [21G.133](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.133 "21G.133"), [21G.190](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.190 "21G.190"), [21G.192](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.192 "21G.192"), [21G.193](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.193 "21G.193"), [21G.194](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.194 "21G.194"), [21G.195](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.195 "21G.195"), and [21G.196](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.196 "21G.196")—include some assignments that require reading and writing in Chinese, and they meet with the following 12-unit subjects, respectively: 21G.042, [21G.036[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.036 "21G.036[J]"), [21G.046](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.046 "21G.046"), [21G.030[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.030 "21G.030[J]"), [21G.038](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.038 "21G.038"), [21G.044[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.044 "21G.044[J]"), and [21G.075[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.075 "21G.075[J]"). The 12-unit subjects may be substituted for the 13-unit subjects.* |

### Minor in French

The Minor in French consists of six subjects typically arranged into three levels of study as follows:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tier I | |  |
| Two subjects or fewer depending on demonstrated level of entering competence: | | 0-24 |
| [21G.303](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.303 "21G.303") | French III |  |
| [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") | French IV |  |
| Tier II | |  |
| Select two or three of the following intermediate subjects in French language, literature, and culture: | | 24-36 |
| [21G.308](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.308 "21G.308") | Writing (Like the) French |  |
| [21G.310](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.310 "21G.310") | French Conversation: Intensive Practice |  |
| [21G.311](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.311 "21G.311") | Introduction to French Culture |  |
| [21G.312](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.312 "21G.312") | Basic Themes in French Literature and Culture |  |
| [21G.315](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.315 "21G.315") | A Window onto Contemporary French Society |  |
| [21G.316](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.316 "21G.316") | Marseille Unveiled: Digital Stories and Intercultural Encounters |  |
| Tier III | |  |
| Select two or three of the following advanced subjects in French literature and culture: | | 24-36 |
| [21G.049[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.049 "21G.049[J]") | French Photography |  |
| [21G.050[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.050 "21G.050[J]") | Looking East/Looking West |  |
| [21G.052](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.052 "21G.052") | French Film Classics |  |
| [21G.053[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.053 "21G.053[J]") | Understanding Contemporary French Politics 1 |  |
| [21G.054[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.054 "21G.054[J]") | France and Haiti: Enlightenment, Slavery, and Revolution |  |
| [21G.056[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.056 "21G.056[J]") | The Making of Modern Europe: 1789-Present 2 |  |
| [21G.068](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.068 "21G.068") | The Invention of French Theory: A History of Transatlantic Intellectual Life since 1945 |  |
| [21G.320[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.320 "21G.320[J]") | Introduction to French Literature |  |
| [21G.321[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.321 "21G.321[J]") | Childhood and Youth in French and Francophone Cultures |  |
| [21G.322[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.322 "21G.322[J]") | Frenchness in an Era of Globalization |  |
| [21G.323[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.323 "21G.323[J]") | French Literature and the Goncourt Prize |  |
| [21G.325[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.325 "21G.325[J]") | New Culture of Gender: Queer France |  |
| [21G.326](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.326 "21G.326") | Global Africa: Creative Cultures |  |
| [21G.328](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.328 "21G.328") | African Migrations |  |
| [21G.341](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.341 "21G.341") | Contemporary French Film and Social Issues |  |
| [21G.342[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.342 "21G.342[J]") | French Pop Music |  |
| [21G.344[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.344 "21G.344[J]") | French Feminist Literature: Yesterday and Today |  |
| [21G.346](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.346 "21G.346") | Topics in Modern French Literature and Culture |  |
| [21G.347[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.347 "21G.347[J]") | Social and Literary Trends in Contemporary Short French Fiction |  |
| [21G.348](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.348 "21G.348") | Global Paris |  |
| Total Units | | 72 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| *1* | *[21G.353[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.353 "21G.353[J]"), which is equivalent to [21G.053[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.053 "21G.053[J]") but taught entirely in French, is an acceptable substitute.* |
| *2* | *[21G.356](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.356 "21G.356") is an acceptable substitute — it is a 13-unit French language option subject which meets with [21G.056[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.056 "21G.056[J]"), and includes some assignments that require reading and writing in French.* |

### Minor in German

The Minor in German consists of six subjects arranged into three levels of study as follows:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tier I | |  |
| Two subjects or fewer depending on demonstrated level of entering competence: 1 | | 0-24 |
| [21G.403](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.403 "21G.403") | German III |  |
| [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") | German IV |  |
| Tier II | |  |
| Select two or three of the following subjects in German language, literature, and culture: 1 | | 24-36 |
| [21G.408](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.408 "21G.408") | German Conversation Practice: Online Immersion |  |
| [21G.409](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.409 "21G.409") | Advanced German: Visual Arts, Media, Creative Expression |  |
| [21G.410](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.410 "21G.410") | Advanced German: Communication for Professionals |  |
| [21G.411](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.411 "21G.411") | Conflict, Contest, Controversy: A Literary Investigation of German Politics |  |
| [21G.412](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.412 "21G.412") | Advanced German: Literature and Culture |  |
| Tier III | |  |
| Select two or three of the following advanced subjects in German literature and culture: 1 | | 24-36 |
| [17.561](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=17.561 "17.561") | European Politics |  |
| [21G.055[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.055 "21G.055[J]") | Media in Weimar and Nazi Germany |  |
| [21G.057[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.057 "21G.057[J]") | Gender, Race, and Environmental Justice |  |
| [21G.058[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.058 "21G.058[J]") | Race and Migration in Europe 2 |  |
| [21G.059](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.059 "21G.059") | Paradigms of European Thought and Culture |  |
| [21H.240](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.240 "21H.240") | The World of Charlemagne |  |
| [21G.414](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.414 "21G.414") | German Culture, Media, and Society |  |
| [21G.417](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.417 "21G.417") | Cultural Geographies of Germany: Nature, Culture, and Politics |  |
| [21G.419](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.419 "21G.419") | City Living: Ethnographies of Urban Worlds |  |
| [21G.420](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.420 "21G.420") | German Cinema |  |
| Total Units | | 72 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| *1* | *For students who start at German IV or above, the remaining subjects, six in total, must be taken within Tiers II and III to be determined in consultation with the minor advisor.* |
| *2* | *21G.418 is an acceptable substitute—it is a 13-unit German language option subject which meets with 21G.058, and includes some assignments that require reading and writing in German.* |

### Minor in Japanese

The Minor in Japanese consists of six subjects arranged into three levels of study as follows:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tier I | |  |
| Two language subjects at the intermediate level: | |  |
| [21G.503](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.503 "21G.503") | Japanese III | 12 |
| [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") | Japanese IV | 12 |
| Tier II | |  |
| Two language subjects at the advanced level: | | 24 |
| [21G.505](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.505 "21G.505") | Japanese V |  |
| [21G.506](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.506 "21G.506") | Japanese VI |  |
| [21G.510](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.510 "21G.510") | Project-based Japanese Learning with Multimedia |  |
| Tier III | |  |
| Select two of the following subjects in Japanese literature, history, or culture, at least one of which must be a Japanese Language Option subject: | | 25 |
| [17.433](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=17.433 "17.433") | International Relations of East Asia |  |
| [17.537](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=17.537 "17.537") | Politics and Policy in Contemporary Japan |  |
| [21G.030[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.030 "21G.030[J]") | Introduction to East Asian Cultures: From Zen to K-Pop |  |
| [21G.041[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.041 "21G.041[J]") | Foundations of East Asian Literature and Culture: From Confucius to the Beats |  |
| [21G.050[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.050 "21G.050[J]") | Looking East/Looking West |  |
| [21H.154](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.154 "21H.154") | Inventing the Samurai |  |
| [21H.155](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.155 "21H.155") | Modern Japan: 1600 to Present |  |
| [21H.354](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.354 "21H.354") | World War II in Asia |  |
| Japanese Language Option subjects: 1 | |  |
| [21G.554](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.554 "21G.554") | Inventing the Samurai |  |
| [21G.555](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.555 "21G.555") | Modern Japan: 1600 to the Present |  |
| [21G.556](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.556 "21G.556") | World War II in Asia |  |
| [21G.591](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.591 "21G.591") | Gender and Japanese Popular Culture |  |
| [21G.592](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.592 "21G.592") | Introduction to Japanese Culture |  |
| [21G.593](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.593 "21G.593") | Japanese Media Cultures |  |
| [21G.594](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.594 "21G.594") | Japanese Cinema |  |
| [21G.595](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.595 "21G.595") | Cultures of Popular Music in East Asia: Japan, Korea, China |  |
| [21G.596](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.596 "21G.596") | Anime: Transnational Media and Culture |  |
| [21G.597](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.597 "21G.597") | Digital Media in Japan and Korea |  |
| Total Units | | 73 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| *1* | *The ten 13-unit Japanese Language Option subjects— [21G.554](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.554 "21G.554"), [21G.555](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.555 "21G.555"), [21G.556](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.556 "21G.556"), [21G.591](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.591 "21G.591"), [21G.592](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.592 "21G.592"), [21G.593](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.593 "21G.593"), [21G.594](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.594 "21G.594"), [21G.595](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.595 "21G.595"), [21G.596](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.596 "21G.596") and [21G.597](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.597 "21G.597")—include some assignments that require reading and writing in Japanese, and they meet with the following 12-unit subjects, respectively: [21H.154](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.154 "21H.154"), [21H.155](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.155 "21H.155"), [21H.354](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.354 "21H.354"), [21G.039[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.039 "21G.039[J]"), [21G.064](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.064 "21G.064"), [21G.065[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.065 "21G.065[J]"), [21G.094[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.094 "21G.094[J]"), [21G.063](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.063 "21G.063"), [21G.095[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.095 "21G.095[J]"), and [21G.067[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.067 "21G.067[J]"). The 12-unit subjects may be substituted for the 13-unit subjects.* |

### Minor in Spanish

The Minor in Spanish consists of six subjects arranged into three levels of study as follows:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tier I | |  |
| Two subjects or fewer depending on demonstrated level of entering competence: | | 0-24 |
| [21G.703](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.703 "21G.703") | Spanish III |  |
| [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") | Spanish IV |  |
| [21G.706](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.706 "21G.706") | Spanish for Medicine and Health |  |
| Tier II | |  |
| Select three or fewer of the following subjects, depending on demonstrated level of entering competence from the Spanish Intermediate Subjects in Language, Literature, and Culture listing: | | 24-36 |
| [21G.707](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.707 "21G.707") | Graphic Stories: Spanish and Latin American Comics |  |
| [21G.710](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.710 "21G.710") | Advanced Communication in Spanish: Topics in Language and Culture |  |
| [21G.711](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.711 "21G.711") | Advanced Spanish Conversation and Composition: Perspectives on Technology and Culture |  |
| [21G.712](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.712 "21G.712") | Spanish Conversation and Composition |  |
| [21G.713](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.713 "21G.713") | Spanish through Film: Mexico, Chile, Argentina, and Spain |  |
| [21G.714](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.714 "21G.714") | Spanish for Heritage Learners |  |
| [21G.715](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.715 "21G.715") | Topics in Medicine and Public Health in the Hispanic World |  |
| Tier III | |  |
| Select two or more of the following subjects, depending on demonstrated level of entering competence from the Spanish Advanced Subjects in Literature and Culture listing: | | 24-36 |
| [21G.070[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.070 "21G.070[J]") | Latin America and the Global Sixties: Counterculture and Revolution |  |
| [21G.072[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.072 "21G.072[J]") | The New Latin American Novel |  |
| [21G.073[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.073 "21G.073[J]") | The Spanish Incubator |  |
| [21G.078[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.078 "21G.078[J]") | Latin America Through Film |  |
| [21G.084[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.084 "21G.084[J]") | Introduction to Latin American Studies |  |
| [21H.173](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.173 "21H.173") | Socialism in Latin America, from Che Guevara to Hugo Chávez |  |
| [21H.270[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.270 "21H.270[J]") | Latinx in the Age of Empire |  |
| [21H.273](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.273 "21H.273") | From Coca to Cocaine: Drug Economies in Latin America |  |
| [21L.019](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.019 "21L.019") | Introduction to European and Latin American Fiction |  |
| [21G.716[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.716 "21G.716[J]") | Introduction to Contemporary Hispanic Literature and Film |  |
| [21G.717[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.717 "21G.717[J]") | Power and Culture: Utopias and Dystopias in Spain and Latin America |  |
| [21G.731[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.731 "21G.731[J]") | Creation of a Continent: Media Representations of Hispanic America, 1492 to present |  |
| [21G.735](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.735 "21G.735") | Advanced Topics in Hispanic Literature and Film |  |
| [21G.736[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.736 "21G.736[J]") | The Short Form: Literature and New Media Cultures in the Hispanic World |  |
| [21G.738[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.738 "21G.738[J]") | Literature and Social Conflict: Perspectives on Spain |  |
| [21G.739[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.739 "21G.739[J]") | Globalization and its Discontents: Spanish-speaking Nations |  |
| [21G.740[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.740 "21G.740[J]") | The New Spain: 1977-Present |  |
| [21G.784](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.784 "21G.784") | Introduction to Latin American Studies |  |
| Total Units | | 72 |

### Other Minors

Please also refer to the [Minor in Applied International Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/applied-international-studies/) and the HASS Minors in Regional Studies, which include [African and African Diaspora Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/minor-african-studies/), [Asian and Asian Diaspora Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/asian-studies/), [Latin American and Latino/a Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/latin-american-latino-studies/), [Middle Eastern Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/middle-eastern-studies/), and [Russian and Eurasian Studies](https://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/undergraduate-programs/minors/russian-eurasian-studies/).

### Inquiries

Information on subjects and programs may be obtained from the [Global Languages Section Office](http://mitgsl.mit.edu), Room 14N-305, 617-253-4771, or [via email](mailto:mitgsl@mit.edu).

## Faculty and Teaching Staff

Per Urlaub, PhD

Professor of the Practice of German and Second Language Studies

Director, Global Languages

### Senior Lecturers

Takako Aikawa, PhD

Senior Lecturer in Japanese

Eva Dessein, PhD

Senior Lecturer in French

Liana Ewald, PhD

Senior Lecturer in Spanish

Dagmar Jaeger, PhD

Senior Lecturer in German

Hee-Jeong Jeong, PhD

Senior Lecturer in Korean

Maria Khotimsky, PhD

Senior Lecturer in Russian

Haohsiang Liao, PhD

Senior Lecturer in Chinese

### Lecturers

Javier Barroso, PhD

Lecturer in Spanish

Sofiya Bodnar, PhD

Lecturer in German

Tong Chen, MA

Lecturer in Chinese

Cathy Culot, MA

Lecturer in French

Nilma Dominique, PhD

Lecturer in Portuguese

Panpan Gao, MA

Lecturer in Chinese

Emily Goodling, PhD

Lecturer in German

Masami Ikeda, MA

Lecturer in Japanese

Min-Min Liang, MA

Lecturer in Chinese

Wakana Maekawa, MA

Lecturer in Japanese

Leanna Bridge Rezvani, PhD

Lecturer in French

Mariana San Martín, MA

Lecturer in Spanish

Ayae Uwabo, MA

Lecturer in Japanese

David Yagüe González, PhD

Lecturer in Spanish

Ana Yáñez Rodríguez, MA

Lecturer in Spanish

Kang Zhou, MA

Lecturer in Chinese

## Professors Emeriti

Ellen W. Crocker, MA

Senior Lecturer Emerita in German

Isabelle de Courtivron, PhD

Professor Emerita of French Studies

Jane M. Dunphy, MA

Senior Lecturer Emerita in English Language Studies

Gilberte Furstenberg, Agrégation

Senior Lecturer Emerita of French Studies

Elizabeth J. Garrels, PhD

Professor Emerita of Spanish and Latin American Studies

Sabine Levet, MA

Senior Lecturer Emerita in French

Douglas Morgenstern, MA

Senior Lecturer Emeritus in Spanish

Edward Baron Turk, PhD

John E. Burchard Professor Emeritus

Professor Emeritus of French Studies and Film

Julian Wheatley, PhD

Senior Lecturer Emeritus in Chinese

## First Year Discovery

#### **21G.013 Discovering Multilingual Boston: Voices of Immigrant Communities**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall; partial term)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
1-0-2 units

This discovery subject will expose first-year students to the 21G curriculum through exposure to the importance of global languages in our local community. Introduces Boston's multilingual richness and vibrant immigrant communities through an exploration of the city's diverse cultures and neighborhoods. Readings and films provide an overview of Boston's recent immigrant profile, document key issues within immigrant communities, and provide testimonies of lived experience. Field trips and guest speakers allow students to learn from organizations working with immigrants in Boston neighborhoods. Students have the option to produce a blog to document their findings and report on an immigrant community, struggle, or testimony. Class meets every other week over the course of the term. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 16; preference for first-year students.

*R. Herr*

#### **21G.014 Introduction to Russian Politics and Society**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall; partial term)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
1-0-2 units

Introduces students to contemporary Russia through analysis of major political, social, and cultural trends and addresses how they have developed due to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Considers the role of identity, state propaganda, civil society — including those in exile — and music both as an instrument of political power and popular resistance. Study materials include academic and media articles, recent documentaries, and video interviews with prominent figures in Russian science and culture. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Limited to 15.

*E. Wood*

#### **21G.015 Introduction to Buddhism, Mindfulness, and Meditation**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall; second half of term)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
1-0-0 units

Companion to the Fitness and Meditation class offered through MIT's Wellness program. Introduces students to the basic ideas of Buddhism, the history of Buddhism's transmission through East Asia, and core aspects of the philosophy of Humanistic Buddhism, including the role of meditation and mindfulness in Buddhist practice. Meets with the MIT Wellness Fitness and Meditation class; students must enroll in both to receive credit. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 18.

*E. Teng*

## Studies in International Literatures and Cultures

*Studies in International Literatures and Cultures make various modes of intercultural discourse available in English. Those subjects that deal with works from more than one nation give students the opportunity to pursue comparative studies. A significant number of subjects also allow students to study works from a single country.*

#### **21G.011 Topics in Indian Popular Culture**

Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

Overview of Indian popular culture over the last two decades, through a variety of material such as popular fiction, music, television and Bombay cinema. Explores major themes and their representations in relation to current social and political issues, elements of the formulaic masala movie, music and melodrama, ideas of nostalgia and incumbent change in youth culture, and questions of gender and sexuality in popular fiction. Taught in English. Enrollment limited.

*A. Banerjee*

#### **21G.022[J] International Women's Voices**

Same subject as [21L.522[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.522J "21L.522[J]"), [WGS.141[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.141J "WGS.141[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.522[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.522J "21L.522[J]").

*M. Resnick*

#### **21G.024[J] The Linguistic Study of Bilingualism**

Same subject as [24.906[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=24.906J "24.906[J]")\
Prereq: [24.900](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=24.900 "24.900"), [24.9000](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=24.9000 "24.9000"), or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S; CI-H

See description under subject [24.906[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=24.906J "24.906[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*S. Flynn*

#### **21G.025[J] Africa and the Politics of Knowledge**

Same subject as [21A.135[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.135J "21A.135[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S

See description under subject [21A.135[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.135J "21A.135[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*A. Edoh*

#### **21G.026[J] Global Africa: Creative Cultures**

Same subject as [21A.136[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.136J "21A.136[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.326](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.326 "21G.326")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S

See description under subject [21A.136[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.136J "21A.136[J]"). Limited to 18.

*A. Edoh*

#### **21G.028[J] African Migrations**

Same subject as [21A.137[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.137J "21A.137[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.328](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.328 "21G.328")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S

See description under subject [21A.137[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.137J "21A.137[J]"). Limited to 18.

*A. Edoh*

#### **21G.029[J] City Living: Ethnographies of Urban Worlds**

Same subject as [21A.402[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.402J "21A.402[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.419](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.419 "21G.419")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S

See description under subject [21A.402[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.402J "21A.402[J]"). Limited to 25 across [21A.402[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.402 "21A.402[J]") and [21G.419](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.419 "21G.419").

*B. Stoetzer*

#### **21G.030[J] Introduction to East Asian Cultures: From Zen to K-Pop**

Same subject as [WGS.236[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.236J "WGS.236[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.193](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.193 "21G.193")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines traditional forms of East Asian culture (including literature, art, performance, food, and religion) as well as contemporary forms of popular culture (film, pop music, karaoke, and manga). Covers China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, with an emphasis on China. Considers women's culture, as well as the influence and presence of Asian cultural expressions in the US. Uses resources in the Boston area, including the MFA, the Children's Museum, and the Sackler collection at Harvard. Taught in English.

*E. Teng*

#### **21G.036 Advertising and Media: Comparative Perspectives**

Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Compares modern and contemporary advertising culture in China, the US, and other emerging markets. First half focuses on branding in the old media environment; second half introduces the changing practice of advertising in the new media environment. Topics include branding and positioning, media planning, social media campaigns, cause marketing 2.0, social TV, and mobility marketing. Required lab work includes interactive sessions in branding a team product for the US (or a European country) and China markets. Taught in English and requires no knowledge of Chinese. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.

*Staff*

#### **21G.038 China in the News: The Untold Stories**

Subject meets with [21G.194](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.194 "21G.194")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall, Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Examines issues and debates crucial to understanding contemporary Chinese society, culture, and politics. Discusses how cultural politics frames the way in which China is viewed by mass media around the world and by China scholars in the West. Topics include the Beijing Olympic Games; Mao in post-Mao China; the new patriotism; leisure and consumer culture; the rise of the internet and web culture in urban China; media censorship, remix, and creative online culture. Analyzes the central debate over progress and the role played by the state, the market, and citizen activists in engineering social change. Uses documentaries and feature films to illustrate the cultural, social and political changes that have taken place in China since the 1980s. Includes two short writing assignments and a final paper. Taught in English.

*Staff*

#### **21G.039[J] Gender and Japanese Popular Culture**

Same subject as [21A.143[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.143J "21A.143[J]"), [WGS.154[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.154J "WGS.154[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.591](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.591 "21G.591")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines relationships between identity and participation in Japanese popular culture as a way of understanding the changing character of media, capitalism, fan communities, and culture. Emphasizes contemporary popular culture and theories of gender, sexuality, race, and the workings of power and value in global culture industries. Topics include manga (comic books), hip-hop and other popular music, anime and feature films, video games, contemporary literature, and online communication. Students present analyses and develop a final project based on a particular aspect of gender and popular culture. Several films screened outside of regular class meeting times. Taught in English.

*I. Condry*

#### **21G.040 A Passage to India: Introduction to Modern Indian Culture and Society**

Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Introduction to Indian culture through films, short-stories, novels, essays, newspaper articles. Examines some major social and political controversies of contemporary India through discussions centered on India's history, politics and religion. Focuses on issues such as ethnic tension and terrorism, poverty and inequality, caste conflict, the missing women, and the effects of globalization on popular and folk cultures. Particular emphasis on the IT revolution, outsourcing, the new global India and the enormous regional and subcultural differences. Taught in English.

*A. Banerjee*

#### **21G.041[J] Foundations of East Asian Literature and Culture: From Confucius to the Beats**

Same subject as [21L.040[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.040J "21L.040[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.141](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.141 "21G.141"), [21G.541](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.541 "21G.541")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject [21L.040[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.040J "21L.040[J]").

*W. Denecke*

#### **21G.042[J] Three Kingdoms: From History to Fiction, Comic, Film, and Game**

Same subject as [21H.352[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.352J "21H.352[J]"), [21L.492[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.492J "21L.492[J]"), [CMS.359[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.359J "CMS.359[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.133](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.133 "21G.133")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Analyzing core chapters of the great Chinese epic novel, Three Kingdoms, and its adaptations across diverse media, considers what underlies the appeal of this classic narrative over the centuries. Through focus on historical events in the period 206 BC to AD 280, examines the representation of power, diplomacy, war, and strategy, and explores the tension among competing models of political authority and legitimacy. Covers basic elements of classical Chinese political and philosophical thought, and literary and cultural history. Final group project involves digital humanities tools. Readings in translation. Films and video in Chinese with English subtitles.

*E. Teng*

#### **21G.043[J] From Yellow Peril to Model Minority: Asian American History to 1968**

Same subject as [21H.107[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.107J "21H.107[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Provides an overview of Asian American history between the 1830s and 1968 and  its relevance for contemporary issues. Covers the first wave of Asian immigration in the 19th century, the rise of anti-Asian movements, the experiences of Asian Americans during WWII, the 1965 immigration reform, and the emergence of the Asian American movement in the 1960s. Examines the role these experiences played in the formation of Asian American ethnicity. Addresses key societal issues such as racial stereotyping, xenophobia, ethnicity and racial formation, citizenship, worker activism, immigrant community building, the "model minority" myth, and anti-Asian harassment and violence. Taught in English.

*Consult E. Teng*

#### **21G.044[J] Classics of Chinese Literature in Translation**

Same subject as [21L.494[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.494J "21L.494[J]"), [WGS.235[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.235J "WGS.235[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.195](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.195 "21G.195")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Introduction to some of the major genres of traditional Chinese poetry, fiction, and drama. Intended to give students a basic understanding of the central features of traditional Chinese literary genres, as well as to introduce students to the classic works of the Chinese literary tradition. Works read include Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Margin, Dream of the Red Chamber, and the poetry of the major Tang dynasty poets. Literature read in translation. Taught in English.

*E. Teng, W. Denecke*

#### **21G.045[J] Global Chinese Food: A Historical Overview**

Same subject as [21H.156[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.156J "21H.156[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Introduces the history of Chinese food around the world. Illustrates how the globalization of Chinese food is deeply connected to Chinese migration patterns, expansion of Western influence in Asia, Chinese entrepreneurship, and interethnic relations in places of Chinese settlement. With an overview of earlier periods in Chinese history, focuses on the 18th through 20th centuries, specifically on major events in modern world history that affected the availability and demand for Chinese food. Considers environmental issues in relation to China's changing food systems. Includes a mandatory field trip to Boston Chinatown. Taught in English. Limited to 30.

*E. Teng*

#### **21G.046 Modern Chinese Fiction and Cinema**

Subject meets with [21G.192](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.192 "21G.192")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Covers major works of Chinese fiction and film, from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Focusing on the modern period, examines how Chinese intellectuals, writers, and filmmakers have used artistic works to critically explore major issues in modern Chinese culture and society. Literature read in translation. Taught in English. Enrollment limited.

*Staff*

#### **21G.048[J] Images of Asian Women: Dragon Ladies and Lotus Blossoms**

Same subject as [21A.141[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.141J "21A.141[J]"), [WGS.274[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.274J "WGS.274[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S

See description under subject [21A.141[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.141J "21A.141[J]").

*M. Buyandelger*

#### **21G.049[J] French Photography**

Same subject as [4.674[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=4.674J "4.674[J]"), [21H.145[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.145J "21H.145[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-A; CI-H

See description under subject [21H.145[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.145J "21H.145[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*C. Clark*

#### **21G.050[J] Looking East/Looking West**

Same subject as [21H.247[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.247J "21H.247[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21H.247[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.247J "21H.247[J]").

*C. Clark, H. Nagahara*

#### **21G.051[J] Film & Existentialism (New)**

Same subject as [21L.026[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.026J "21L.026[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject [21L.026[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.026J "21L.026[J]").

*C. Doyle, E. Brinkema*

#### **21G.052 French Film Classics**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
2-2-8 units. HASS-H

History and aesthetics of French cinema from the advent of sound to present-day. Treats films in the context of technical processes, the art of narration, directorial style, role of the scriptwriter, the development of schools and movements, the impact of political events and ideologies, and the relation between French and other national cinemas. Films shown with English subtitles. Taught in English.

*C. Clark*

#### **21G.053[J] Understanding Contemporary French Politics (New)**

Same subject as [21L.622[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.622J "21L.622[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S; CI-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.353[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.353 "21G.353[J]"), [21L.630[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.630 "21L.630[J]")

See description under subject [21L.622[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.622J "21L.622[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.054[J] France and Haiti: Enlightenment, Slavery, and Revolution**

Same subject as [21H.241[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.241J "21H.241[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21H.241[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.241J "21H.241[J]").

*M. Ghachem*

#### **21G.055[J] Media in Weimar and Nazi Germany**

Same subject as [CMS.311[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.311J "CMS.311[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
2-2-8 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject [CMS.311[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.311J "CMS.311[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*Staff*

#### **21G.056[J] The Making of Modern Europe: 1789-Present**

Same subject as [21H.143[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.143J "21H.143[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.356](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.356 "21G.356")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21H.143[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.143J "21H.143[J]").

*E. Kempf*

#### **21G.057[J] Gender, Race, and Environmental Justice**

Same subject as [21A.407[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.407J "21A.407[J]"), [STS.022[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=STS.022J "STS.022[J]"), [WGS.275[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.275J "WGS.275[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S

See description under subject [21A.407[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.407J "21A.407[J]"). Limited to 18.

*B. Stoetzer*

#### **21G.058[J] Race and Migration in Europe**

Same subject as [21A.132[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.132J "21A.132[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.418](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.418 "21G.418")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject [21A.132[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.132J "21A.132[J]"). Limited to 18.

*B. Stoetzer*

#### **21G.059 Paradigms of European Thought and Culture**

Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Subject surveys the main currents of European cultural and intellectual history in the modern period. Introduces a set of ideas and arguments that have played a formative role in European culture, and acquaints students with exemplars of critical thought. Readings begin with the Protestant Reformation and move through the French Revolution up to the post-WWII period. Figures to be considered include Luther, Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Rousseau, Smith, Marx, Freud, Beauvoir, and Foucault. Class discussions set these texts into the context of European culture. Topics to be considered are artworks by Goya, David, and Duchamp; the architecture of Schinkel; the music of Bach; and the literature of Goethe. Taught in English.

*Consult E. Crocker*

#### **21G.061[J] Literature and Existentialism (New)**

Same subject as [21L.024[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.024J "21L.024[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject [21L.024[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.024J "21L.024[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*E. Brinkema*

#### **21G.062[J] Gateway to Japanese Literature and Culture**

Same subject as [21L.493[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.493J "21L.493[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.562](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.562 "21G.562")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.493[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.493J "21L.493[J]").

*W. Denecke*

#### **21G.063 Anime: Transnational Media and Culture**

Subject meets with [21G.596](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.596 "21G.596")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores anime (Japanese animated films and TV shows) as a study in flows among media and cultures. Discusses Japan's substantial share of the TV cartoon market and the reasons for anime's worldwide success. Focuses on cultural production and the ways anime cultures are created through the interactive efforts of studios, sponsors, fans, broadcasters, and distributors. Uses anime scholarship and media examples as a means to examine leading theories in media and cultural studies, gender and sexuality, technology and identity, and post-industrial globalization. Taught in English.

*I. Condry*

#### **21G.064 Introduction to Japanese Culture**

Subject meets with [21G.592](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.592 "21G.592")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Examines the major aesthetic, social, and political elements which have shaped modern Japanese culture and society. Readings on contemporary Japan and historical evolution of the culture are coordinated with study of literary texts, film, and art, along with an analysis of everyday life and leisure activities. Taught in English. Limited to 18.

*Consult P. Roquet*

#### **21G.065[J] Japanese Media Cultures**

Same subject as [CMS.354[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.354J "CMS.354[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.593](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.593 "21G.593")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject [CMS.354[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.354J "CMS.354[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*Consult P. Roquet*

#### **21G.066[J] Gateway to Korean Literature and Culture**

Same subject as [21L.491[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.491J "21L.491[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.491[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.491J "21L.491[J]").

*W. Denecke*

#### **21G.067[J] Digital Media in Japan and Korea**

Same subject as [CMS.351[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.351J "CMS.351[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.597](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.597 "21G.597")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [CMS.351[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.351J "CMS.351[J]").

*P. Roquet*

#### **21G.068[J] The Invention of French Theory: A History of Transatlantic Intellectual Life since 1945 (New)**

Same subject as [21L.623[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.623J "21L.623[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.368[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.368 "21G.368[J]"), [21L.631[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.631 "21L.631[J]")

See description under subject [21L.623[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.623J "21L.623[J]").

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.070[J] Latin America and the Global Sixties: Counterculture and Revolution**

Same subject as [21L.436[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.436J "21L.436[J]"), [CMS.355[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.355J "CMS.355[J]")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject [CMS.355[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.355J "CMS.355[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*P. Duong*

#### **21G.072[J] The New Latin American Novel**

Same subject as [CMS.353[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.353J "CMS.353[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject [CMS.353[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.353J "CMS.353[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*P. Duong*

#### **21G.073[J] The Spanish Incubator**

Same subject as [21L.590[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.590J "21L.590[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
3-3-3 units. HASS-E

See description under subject [21L.590[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.590J "21L.590[J]"). Enrollment limited. Application required; contact Literature Headquarters for details.

*M. Resnick*

#### **21G.075[J] Global Chinese Migration, 1567-Present**

Same subject as [21H.253[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.253J "21H.253[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.196](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.196 "21G.196")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines Chinese migration in historical and comparative perspective, beginning in 1567 with the lifting of the imperial ban on private maritime trade. Covers migration to diverse venues across the globe, including tropical colonies, settler societies, Chinese frontiers, and postcolonial metropoles. Topics include the varied roles of Chinese migrants in these diverse venues, the coolie trade and anti-Chinese movements, overseas students, transnational networks, cultural adaptation, and the creolization of Chinese food in migrant communities. Critically examines the degree to which this transnational migration has produced a "Global Chinese" identity. Taught in English.

*E. Teng*

#### **21G.077[J] Introduction to the Classics of Russian Literature**

Same subject as [21L.490[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.490J "21L.490[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.618](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.618 "21G.618")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores the works of classical Russian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries, including stories and novels by Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Bunin, Nabokov, Platonov, and others. Focuses on their approaches to portraying self and society, and on literary responses to fundamental ethical and philosophical questions about justice, freedom, free will, fate, love, loyalty, betrayal, and forgiveness.  Taught in English; students interested in completing some readings and a short writing project in Russian should register for [21G.618](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.618 "21G.618").

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.078[J] Latin America Through Film**

Same subject as [21H.172[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.172J "21H.172[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21H.172[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.172J "21H.172[J]").

*T. Padilla*

#### **21G.084[J] Introduction to Latin American Studies**

Same subject as [17.55[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=17.55J "17.55[J]"), [21A.130[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.130J "21A.130[J]"), [21H.170[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.170J "21H.170[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.784](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.784 "21G.784")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S; CI-H

See description under subject [17.55[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=17.55J "17.55[J]").

*T. Padilla, P. Duong*

#### **21G.085[J] Imperial and Revolutionary Russia: Culture and Politics, 1700-1917**

Same subject as [21H.244[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.244J "21H.244[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21H.244[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.244J "21H.244[J]").

*E. Wood*

#### **21G.086[J] 20th Century Ukraine and Russia: Entangled Histories and Identity Politics**

Same subject as [17.57[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=17.57J "17.57[J]"), [21H.245[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.245J "21H.245[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S; CI-H

See description under subject [21H.245[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.245J "21H.245[J]"). Enrollment limited.

*E. Wood*

#### **21G.087[J] Introduction to Russian Studies**

Same subject as [21H.144[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.144J "21H.144[J]")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores Russian culture and society by analyzing its unique position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia throughout medieval, Imperial, Soviet, and contemporary periods. Investigates a variety of topics: defining the borders of the country and shaping its relationship with the outside world; changes in living spaces from rural to urban, development of cultural centers; and daily life, customs, and traditions. Includes readings in literature, history, and cultural studies, as well visual arts, music, and film. Limited to 25.

*E. Wood, M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.094[J] Japanese Cinema**

Same subject as [CMS.352[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.352J "CMS.352[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.594](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.594 "21G.594")\
Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-A

See description under subject [CMS.352[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.352J "CMS.352[J]").

*P. Roquet*

#### **21G.095[J] Cultures of Popular Music in East Asia: Japan, Korea, China**

Same subject as [21M.297[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21M.297J "21M.297[J]"), [WGS.150[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.150J "WGS.150[J]")\
Subject meets with [21G.595](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.595 "21G.595")\
Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-A

Explores a variety of music cultures in contemporary East Asia. Emphasizes examples from Japan, but forays elsewhere, including South Korea and China. Uses writings, videos, and recordings of musical performances, events, and objects in a variety of contexts to better understand how the concept of culture gives insight into gender, class, sexuality, race, ethnicity, nationhood, and individual identities. Explores ethnographic approaches to musical cultures with a focus on the last thirty years. Topics include Japanese hip-hop, K-Pop idols, Vocaloids (virtual idols), Chinese popular music and protest, street music, streaming and online distribution for global music, and experimental music. Students conduct ethnographic fieldwork and produce sonic presentations. No music experience nor technical expertise required. Taught in English.

*I. Condry*

#### **21G.111 Chinese Calligraphy**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-A

Provides an introduction to the ancient art of Chinese calligraphy and its traditional uses. Studies the history of the Chinese writing system and develops skills through guided reading, classroom discussion, and systematic practice with brush and ink. Students work on a small calligraphy project based on their own interest. Taught in English; no prior knowledge of Chinese language required. Limited to 25.

*K. Zhou*

## Chinese

*The subjects below are taught in Chinese and include offerings in language, literature, and cultural studies.\
\
The indication of prerequisites for specific Chinese offerings does not apply to students who have already completed equivalent work. For further placement advice, consult one of the field advisors in Chinese.*

### Undergraduate Language Subjects

#### **21G.101 Chinese I (Regular)**

Subject meets with [21G.151](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.151 "21G.151")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Introduction to modern standard Chinese (Mandarin) with emphasis on developing conversational skills by using fundamental grammatical patterns and vocabulary in functional and culturally suitable contexts. Basic reading and writing are also taught. For graduate credit, see [21G.151](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.151 "21G.151"). Placement interview with instructors required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese before or on Reg Day. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult H. Liao*

#### **21G.102 Chinese II (Regular)**

Subject meets with [21G.152](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.152 "21G.152")\
Prereq: [21G.101](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.101 "21G.101") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Continuation of [21G.101](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.101 "21G.101"). For full description, see [21G.101](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.101 "21G.101"). For graduate credit see [21G.152](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.152 "21G.152"). Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure of Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult H. Liao*

#### **21G.141 Foundations of East Asian Literature and Culture: From Confucius to the Beats (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.041[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.041J "21G.041[J]"), [21G.541](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.541 "21G.541"), [21L.040[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.040J "21L.040[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104"), [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"), or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Studies foundational works from East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam) with a focus on their cultural context and contemporary relevance and asks how "Literature" looks different when conceived through some of the world's oldest literatures beyond the West. Explores philosophical texts, history writing, poetry, stories and diaries, tales, and novels. Hones skills of reading, writing, and speaking with a sense of cultural sensitivity, historical depth, and comparative contemplation. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese.

*W. Denecke*

#### **21G.103 Chinese III (Regular)**

Subject meets with [21G.153](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.153 "21G.153")\
Prereq: [21G.102](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.102 "21G.102") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Continuing instruction in spoken and written Chinese, with particular emphasis on consolidating basic conversational skills and improving reading confidence and depth. Lab work required. Placement interview with instructors before or on Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult H. Liao*

#### **21G.104 Chinese IV (Regular)**

Subject meets with [21G.154](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.154 "21G.154")\
Prereq: [21G.103](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.103 "21G.103") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Continuation of [21G.103](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.103 "21G.103"). For full description, see [21G.103](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.103 "21G.103"). Placement interview on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult H. Liao*

#### **21G.105 Chinese V (Regular): Discovering Chinese Cultures and Societies**

Prereq: [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Students develop more sophisticated conversational and reading skills by combining traditional textbook material with their own explorations of Chinese speaking societies, using the human, literary, and electronic resources available at MIT and in the Boston area. Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult T. Chen*

#### **21G.106 Chinese VI (Regular): Discovering Chinese Cultures and Societies**

Prereq: [21G.105](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.105 "21G.105") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Continuation of [21G.105](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.105 "21G.105"). For full description see [21G.105](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.105 "21G.105"). Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult T. Chen*

### Undergraduate Language Subjects - Streamlined

#### **21G.107 Chinese I (Streamlined)**

Subject meets with [21G.157](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.157 "21G.157")\
Prereq: Permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

The first term streamlined sequence. Designed for students who have conversational skills (typically gained from growing up in a Chinese speaking environment) without a corresponding level of literacy. For graduate credit see [21G.157](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.157 "21G.157"). Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult M. Liang*

#### **21G.108 Chinese II (Streamlined)**

Subject meets with [21G.158](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.158 "21G.158")\
Prereq: [21G.107](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.107 "21G.107") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

The second term streamlined sequence; continuation of [21G.107](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.107 "21G.107"). The streamlined sequence is designed for students who have conversational skills (typically gained from growing up in a Chinese speaking environment) without a corresponding level of literacy. For graduate credit see [21G.158](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.158 "21G.158"). Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult M. Liang*

#### **21G.109 Chinese III (Streamlined)**

Subject meets with [21G.159](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.159 "21G.159")\
Prereq: [21G.108](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.108 "21G.108") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Intermediate level subject in streamlined sequence. Designed for students who have conversational skills (typically gained from growing up in a Chinese speaking environment) without a corresponding level of literacy. Consolidates conversation skills, improves reading confidence and broadens composition style. Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult K. Zhou*

#### **21G.110 Chinese IV (Streamlined)**

Subject meets with [21G.160](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.160 "21G.160")\
Prereq: [21G.109](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.109 "21G.109") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Intermediate level subject in streamlined sequence; continuation of [21G.109](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.109 "21G.109"). Designed for students who have conversational skills (typically gained from growing up in a Chinese speaking environment) without a corresponding level of literacy. Consolidates conversation skills, improves reading confidence and broadens composition style. Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*Consult P. Gao*

#### **21G.112 Intermediate Chinese in Shenzhen**

Prereq: [21G.103](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.103 "21G.103") or [21G.107](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.107 "21G.107") \
U (IAP)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-6 units. HASS-H

Taught on-site at Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, China. Consolidates foundations built in Regular Chinese I-III and Streamlined I; continues instruction of skills in aural comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Encourages development of a sensitivity to linguistically-appropriate behavior, introduces extensive vocabulary and usage as a basis for conversational development, and provides a step-by-step guide to the principles and practice of reading and writing Chinese short narratives. Addresses issues of how cultural differences inform and are informed by different linguistic contexts and practices. Taught in Chinese. Limited to 16.

*H. Liao*

#### **21G.113 Chinese V (Streamlined)**

Prereq: [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Advanced level subject in streamlined sequence. Designed for students who have conversational skills (typically gained from growing up in a Chinese speaking environment) without a corresponding level of literacy. Students conduct their own explorations of modern China using online and print materials, as well as interviews with Chinese in the Boston area. Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*P. Gao*

#### **21G.118 Advanced Chinese in Shenzhen**

Prereq: [21G.105](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.105 "21G.105") or [21G.109](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.109 "21G.109") \
U (IAP)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-6 units. HASS-H

Taught on-site at Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, China. Builds students' vocabulary through authentic material reading, and improves oral communication skills through discussion of topics related to cultural, social and historical aspects of China, focusing on Shenzhen. Provides extensive listening, speaking, reading practice in discourse, including dialogues with native speakers, narrative and description, with emphasis on cultural, social, and historical issues of China. Taught in Chinese. Limited to 16.

*H. Liao*

#### **21G.120 Business Chinese**

Prereq: [21G.106](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.106 "21G.106"), [21G.113](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.113 "21G.113"), or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Aimed at advanced-level students to enhance language skills and cultural knowledge specific to conducting business in Chinese societies. Topics include the specialization of materials used in commercial, economic, and business contexts; Greater China's economic development, business culture, and etiquette; and case studies from successful international enterprises in China. Students develop project reports based on their own interests. Taught in Chinese. Limited to 16.

*Consult P. Gao*

#### **21G.121 Chinese for Professional Communications**

Prereq: [21G.120](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.120 "21G.120") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Students read and react to authentic materials centering on four areas — business, technology, medical, and students' own choices of academic interests. Students develop advanced-mid speaking skills in a formal context, understand main ideas of lengthy and argumentative texts, interpret related talks and speeches, and present their thoughts in structured essays. Taught entirely in Chinese. No listeners. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*H. Liao*

### Graduate Language Subjects

#### **21G.151 Chinese I (Regular)**

Subject meets with [21G.101](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.101 "21G.101")\
Prereq: None \
G (Fall, IAP)\
4-0-8 units

Introduction to modern standard Chinese (Mandarin). For a full description, see [21G.101](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.101 "21G.101"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.101](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.101 "21G.101"). Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult H. Liao*

#### **21G.152 Chinese II (Regular)**

Subject meets with [21G.102](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.102 "21G.102")\
Prereq: [21G.151](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.151 "21G.151") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Continuation of [21G.151](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.151 "21G.151"). For a description, see [21G.102](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.102 "21G.102"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.102](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.102 "21G.102").

*Consult H. Liao*

#### **21G.153 Chinese III (Regular) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.103](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.103 "21G.103")\
Prereq: [21G.152](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.152 "21G.152") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall)\
4-0-8 units

Continuing instruction in spoken and written Chinese, with particular emphasis on consolidating basic conversational skills and improving reading confidence and depth. For a full description, see [21G.103](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.103 "21G.103"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.103](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.103 "21G.103"). Limited to 16. No listeners.

*H. Liao*

#### **21G.154 Chinese IV (Regular) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104")\
Prereq: [21G.153](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.153 "21G.153") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Continuation of [21G.153](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.153 "21G.153"). For full description, see [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104"). Placement interview on or before Reg. Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Chinese elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No Listeners. (for pedagagical reasons).

*H. Liao*

#### **21G.157 Chinese I (Streamlined)**

Subject meets with [21G.107](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.107 "21G.107")\
Prereq: Permission of instructor \
G (Fall)\
3-0-9 units

Introduction to modern standard Chinese (Mandarin) for students with some speaking ability but little reading ability. For full description, see [21G.107](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.107 "21G.107"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.107](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.107 "21G.107"). Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult M. Liang*

#### **21G.158 Chinese II (Streamlined)**

Subject meets with [21G.108](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.108 "21G.108")\
Prereq: [21G.157](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.157 "21G.157") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
3-0-9 units

Continuation of [21G.157](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.157 "21G.157"). For a description see [21G.157](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.157 "21G.157"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.108](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.108 "21G.108").

*Consult M. Liang*

#### **21G.159 Chinese III (Streamlined) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.109](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.109 "21G.109")\
Prereq: [21G.158](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.158 "21G.158") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall)\
3-0-9 units

Intermediate level subject in streamlined sequence. For a full description, see [21G.109](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.109 "21G.109"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.109](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.109 "21G.109"). Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*K. Zhou*

#### **21G.160 Chinese IV (Streamlined) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110")\
Prereq: [21G.159](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.159 "21G.159") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
3-0-9 units

Intermediate level subject in streamlined sequence; continuation of [21G.159](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.159 "21G.159"). For a full description, see [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"). Limited to 16 per section. No Listeners. (for pedagogical reasons).

*P. Gao*

### Chinese Language Option Subjects

#### **21G.133 Three Kingdoms: From History to Fiction, Comic, Film, and Game**

Subject meets with [21G.042[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.042J "21G.042[J]"), [21H.352[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.352J "21H.352[J]"), [21L.492[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.492J "21L.492[J]"), [CMS.359[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.359J "CMS.359[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104"), [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"), or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Analyzing core chapters of the great Chinese epic novel, Three Kingdoms, and its adaptations across diverse media, considers what underlies the appeal of this classic narrative over the centuries. Through focus on historical events in the period 206 BC to AD 280, examines the representation of power, diplomacy, war, and strategy, and explores the tension among competing models of political authority and legitimacy. Covers basic elements of classical Chinese political and philosophical thought, and literary and cultural history. Final group project involves digital humanities tools. Readings in translation. Films and video in Chinese with English subtitles. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese. Preference to students in the Chinese minor

*E. Teng*

#### **21G.190 Advertising and Media: Comparative Perspectives**

Prereq: [21G.105](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.105 "21G.105"), [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"), or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Compares modern and contemporary advertising culture in China, the US, and other emerging markets. First half focuses on branding in the old media environment; second half introduces the changing practice of advertising in the new media environment. Topics include branding and positioning, media planning, social media campaigns, cause marketing 2.0, social TV, and mobility marketing. Required lab work includes interactive sessions in branding a team product for the US (or a European country) and China markets. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese. Preference to Chinese minors.

*Staff*

#### **21G.192 Modern Chinese Fiction and Cinema**

Subject meets with [21G.046](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.046 "21G.046")\
Prereq: [21G.105](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.105 "21G.105"), [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"), or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Covers major works of Chinese fiction and film, from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Focusing on the modern period, examines how Chinese intellectuals, writers, and filmmakers have used artistic works to critically explore major issues in modern Chinese culture and society. Literature read in translation. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese. Enrollment limited; preference to Chinese minors.

*Staff*

#### **21G.193 Introduction to East Asian Cultures: From Zen to K-Pop**

Subject meets with [21G.030[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.030J "21G.030[J]"), [WGS.236[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.236J "WGS.236[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104"), [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"), or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Examines traditional forms of East Asian culture (including literature, art, performance, food, and religion) as well as contemporary forms of popular culture (film, pop music, karaoke, and manga). Covers China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, with an emphasis on China. Considers women's culture, as well as the influence and presence of Asian cultural expressions in the US. Uses resources in the Boston area, including the MFA, the Children's Museum, and the Sackler collection at Harvard. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese. Preference to Chinese minors.

*E. Teng*

#### **21G.194 China in the News: The Untold Stories**

Subject meets with [21G.038](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.038 "21G.038")\
Prereq: [21G.105](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.105 "21G.105"), [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"), or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Examines issues and debates crucial to understanding contemporary Chinese society, culture, and politics. Discusses how cultural politics frames the way in which China is viewed by mass media around the world and by China scholars in the West. Topics include the Beijing Olympic Games; Mao in post-Mao China; the new patriotism; leisure and consumer culture; the rise of the internet and web culture in urban China; media censorship, remix, and creative online culture. Analyzes the central debate over progress and the role played by the state, the market, and citizen activists in engineering social change. Uses documentaries and feature films to illustrate the cultural, social and political changes that have taken place in China since the 1980s. Includes two short writing assignments and a final paper. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese. Preference to Chinese minors.

*Staff*

#### **21G.195 Classics of Chinese Literature in Translation**

Subject meets with [21G.044[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.044J "21G.044[J]"), [21L.494[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.494J "21L.494[J]"), [WGS.235[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.235J "WGS.235[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104"), [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"), or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Introduction to some of the major genres of traditional Chinese poetry, fiction, and drama. Intended to give students a basic understanding of the central features of traditional Chinese literary genres, as well as to introduce students to the classic works of the Chinese literary tradition. Works read include Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Margin, Dream of the Red Chamber, and the poetry of the major Tang dynasty poets. Literature read in translation. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese. Preference to Chinese minors.

*E. Teng, W. Denecke*

#### **21G.196 Global Chinese Migration, 1567-Present**

Subject meets with [21G.075[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.075J "21G.075[J]"), [21H.253[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.253J "21H.253[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.104](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.104 "21G.104"), [21G.110](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.110 "21G.110"), or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Examines Chinese migration in historical and comparative perspective, beginning in 1567 with the lifting of the imperial ban on private maritime trade. Covers migration to diverse venues across the globe, including tropical colonies, settler societies, Chinese frontiers, and postcolonial metropoles. Topics include the varied roles of Chinese migrants in these diverse venues, the coolie trade and anti-Chinese movements, overseas students, transnational networks, cultural adaptation, and the creolization of Chinese food in migrant communities. Critically examines the degree to which this transnational migration has produced a "Global Chinese" identity. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese. Preference to students in the Chinese minor.

*E. Teng*

## Less Commonly Taught Languages (LCTLs)

#### **21G.201 Introduction to Ukrainian Language and Culture (New)**

Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
3-0-6 units. HASS-H

Introduces foundations of Ukrainian language and culture. Covers the alphabet, reading rules, foundations of grammar, and basic communicative situations. Explores Ukrainian history, politics, culture, and struggle for independence. Emphasizes music and visual arts as ways of expressing national spirit. Enables students to create individual and group art projects. Includes guest speaker presentations, visits by artists from the Ukrainian community, and a mandatory field trip. Designed for students with no previous knowledge of Ukrainian. Limited to 25 for pedagogical reasons.

*I. Kovalchuk*

## French

*The subjects below are taught in French and include offerings in language, literature, and cultural studies.\
\
The indication of prerequisites for specific French offerings does not apply to students who have already completed equivalent work. For further placement advice, consult one of the field advisors in French.*

### Fundamental Language Subjects

#### **21G.301 French I**

Subject meets with [21G.351](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.351 "21G.351")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP, Spring)\
3-1-8 units. HASS-H

Introduction to the French language and culture with emphasis on the acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. Conducted entirely in French. Exposure to the language via a variety of authentic sources such as the Internet, audio, video and printed materials which help develop cultural awareness as well as linguistic proficiency. Coordinated language lab program. For graduate credit see [21G.351](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.351 "21G.351"). Limited to 18 per section.

*Consult L. Rezvani*

#### **21G.302 French II**

Subject meets with [21G.352](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.352 "21G.352")\
Prereq: [21G.301](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.301 "21G.301") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-1-8 units. HASS-H

Continuation of introductory course to the French language and culture with emphasis on acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. Conducted entirely in French. Exposure to the language via a variety of authentic sources such as the Internet, audio, video and printed materials which help develop cultural awareness as well as linguistic proficiency. Coordinated language lab. For graduate credit see [21G.352](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.352 "21G.352"). Limited to 18 per section.

*L. Rezvani*

#### **21G.303 French III**

Subject meets with [21G.333](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.333 "21G.333")\
Prereq: [21G.302](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.302 "21G.302") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-1-8 units. HASS-H

Third subject in the French language sequence. Systematic work on grammar and vocabulary expands skills in understanding, speaking, reading and writing in French. Intercultural exploration through a variety of authentic materials, such as music, videos, films, newspapers, and excerpts from literary texts. Limited to 18 per section.

*C. Culot*

#### **21G.304 French IV**

Subject meets with [21G.334](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.334 "21G.334")\
Prereq: [21G.303](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.303 "21G.303") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-1-8 units. HASS-H

Fourth subject in the French language sequence. Focuses on language and intercultural understanding. Students work with a variety of materials such as surveys, newspapers, commercials, films and music. Systematic work on grammar and vocabulary expands students' skills in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing. Limited to 18 per section.

*C. Culot*

#### **21G.306 French: Communication Intensive I**

Prereq: None. *Coreq: [21G.308](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.308 "21G.308"), [21G.310](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.310 "21G.310"), [21G.311](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.311 "21G.311"), [21G.312](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.312 "21G.312"), [21G.315](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.315 "21G.315"), [21G.320[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.320 "21G.320[J]"), [21G.321[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.321 "21G.321[J]"), or [21G.322[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.322 "21G.322[J]")*; permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-0-0 units

Intensive tutorial in writing and speaking for majors. Provides students with enhanced linguistic and cultural fluency for academic or real-world purposes. [21G.307](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.307 "21G.307") builds on writing and speaking skills acquired in [21G.306](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.306 "21G.306"). Conducted entirely in French. Preference to French majors.

*Information: B. Perreau*

#### **21G.307 French: Communication Intensive II**

Prereq: None. *Coreq: [21G.308](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.308 "21G.308"), [21G.310](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.310 "21G.310"), [21G.311](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.311 "21G.311"), [21G.312](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.312 "21G.312"), [21G.315](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.315 "21G.315"), [21G.320[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.320 "21G.320[J]"), [21G.321[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.321 "21G.321[J]"), or [21G.322[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.322 "21G.322[J]")*; permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-0-0 units

Intensive tutorial in writing and speaking for majors. Provides students with enhanced linguistic and cultural fluency for academic or real-world purposes. [21G.307](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.307 "21G.307") builds on writing and speaking skills acquired in [21G.306](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.306 "21G.306"). Conducted entirely in French. Preference to French majors.

*Information: C. Clark*

### Intermediate Subjects in Language, Literature, and Culture

*Native speakers of French who have studied French literature at a high-school level must obtain permission of the instructor to enroll in any of these subjects.*

#### **21G.308 Writing (Like the) French**

Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

For students who wish to continue with language study before taking upper-level subjects in literature or culture. Emphasis on development of reading and writing skills, review of the basic concepts of French grammar, and acquisition of precise vocabulary through the use of printed materials, short stories, and poems. Taught in French.

*C. Culot*

#### **21G.310 French Conversation: Intensive Practice**

Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Training in oral expression including communication skills, fluency, idiomatic French and pronunciation. Discussion materials include short literary and sociological texts, recent films, varied audio and digitized video interviews and the Internet. Taught in French. Limited to 16.

*L. Rezvani*

#### **21G.311 Introduction to French Culture**

Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines major social and political trends, events, debates and personalities which help place various aspects of contemporary French culture in their historical perspective. Topics include the heritage of the French Revolution, the growth and consequences of colonialism, the role of intellectuals in public debates, the impact of the Occupation, the modernization of the economy and of social structures. Also studied are the sources and meanings of national symbols, monuments, myths and manifestoes. Documents include fiction, films, essays, newspaper articles, and television shows. Recommended for students planning to study abroad. Taught in French.

*Consult C. Clark*

#### **21G.312 Basic Themes in French Literature and Culture**

Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

Introduction to literary and cultural analysis through the close reading and discussion of texts united by a common theme. Taught in French.

*Consult I. Nicholas*

#### **21G.315 A Window onto Contemporary French Society**

Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Intermediate subject designed to help students gradually build an in-depth understanding of France. Focuses on French attitudes and values regarding education, work, family, and institutions. Deals with the differing notions that underlie interpersonal interactions and communication styles, such as politeness, friendship, and formality. Using a Web comparative, cross-cultural approach, students explore a variety of French and American materials, then analyze and compare using questionnaires, opinion polls, news reports (in different media), as well as a variety of historical, anthropological and literary texts. Students involved in team research projects. Attention given to the development of relevant linguistics skills. Recommended for students planning to study and work in France. Taught in French.

*S. Levet*

#### **21G.316 Marseille Unveiled: Digital Stories and Intercultural Encounters**

Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Intermediate subject that explores contemporary French urban culture and society through a semester-long global simulation project. Students take on the role of inhabitants of an apartment building in Marseille. Focuses on the development of communicative skills through oral and written practice in a variety of styles, forms and registers. Class activities include role-play, problem-solving tasks and debates. Enhances students' abilities to interpret a variety of authentic materials. Deepens understanding of contemporary French and Francophone thought, cultures and fosters intercultural competence. Taught in French. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*E. Dessein*

### Advanced Subjects in Literature and Culture

#### **21G.320[J] Introduction to French Literature**

Same subject as [21L.620[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.620J "21L.620[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

A basic study of major French literary genres — poetry, drama, and fiction — and an introduction to methods of literary analysis. Authors include: Voltaire, Balzac, Sand, Baudelaire, Apollinaire, Camus, Sartre, Ionesco, Duras, and Tournier. Special attention devoted to the improvement of French language skills. Taught in French.

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.321[J] Childhood and Youth in French and Francophone Cultures (New)**

Same subject as [21L.624[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.624J "21L.624[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in French \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.624[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.624J "21L.624[J]").

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.322[J] Frenchness in an Era of Globalization**

Same subject as [21H.242[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.242J "21H.242[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in French or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Approaches the question of what constitutes Frenchness in today's era of globalization through issues of memory, belonging, and cultural production. Explores the role of timeless traditions - common technologies, an internationally-spoken language, monuments open to the world, and foods such as wine and cheese - remain quintessentially French. Also covers recent scandals about France's role in the world, such as its colonial identity and Dominique Strauss-Kahn's New York debacle. Taught in French. Limited to 18.

*C. Clark*

#### **21G.323[J] French Literature and the Goncourt Prize (New)**

Same subject as [21L.625[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.625J "21L.625[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate level subject or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

See description under subject [21L.625[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.625J "21L.625[J]"). Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.325[J] New Culture of Gender: Queer France (New)**

Same subject as [21L.626[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.626J "21L.626[J]"), [WGS.233[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.233J "WGS.233[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in French \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

See description under subject [21L.626[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.626J "21L.626[J]").

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.326 Global Africa: Creative Cultures**

Subject meets with [21A.136[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.136J "21A.136[J]"), [21G.026[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.026J "21G.026[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-S

Examines contemporary and historical cultural production on and from Africa across a range of registers, including literary, musical and visual arts, material culture, and science and technology. Employs key theoretical concepts from anthropology and social theory to analyze these forms and phenomena. Uses case studies to consider how Africa articulates its place in, and relationship to, the world through creative practices. Discussion topics largely drawn from Francophone and sub-Saharan Africa, but also from throughout the continent and the African diaspora. Taught in English with a project that requires research in French. Limited to 18.

*A. Edoh*

#### **21G.328 African Migrations**

Subject meets with [21A.137[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.137J "21A.137[J]"), [21G.028[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.028J "21G.028[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-S

Examines West African migration to France and to the United States from the early 20th century to the present. Centering the experiences of African social actors and historicizing recent dynamics, students consider what migration across these three regions reveals about African projects of self-determination, postcolonial nation-building, and global citizenship. Students also comparatively analyze the workings of contemporary French and American societies, in particular, the articulations of race and citizenship in the two nations. Taught in English with a project that requires research in French. Limited to 18.

*A. Edoh*

#### **21G.341 Contemporary French Film and Social Issues**

Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
2-2-8 units. HASS-H

Issues in contemporary French society as expressed through movies made in the 1990s. Topics include France's national self-image, the women's movement, sexuality and gender, family life and class structure, post-colonialism and immigration, and American cultural imperialism. Films by Lelouch, Audiard, Doillon, Denis, Klapisch, Resnais, Rouan, Balasko, Collard, Dridi, Kassovitz, and others. Readings from French periodicals. Films shown with English subtitles. Taught in French.

*C. Clark*

#### **21G.342[J] French Pop Music (New)**

Same subject as [21L.627[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.627J "21L.627[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.627[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.627J "21L.627[J]"). Limited to 18.

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.344[J] French Feminist Literature: Yesterday and Today (New)**

Same subject as [21L.628[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.628J "21L.628[J]"), [WGS.321[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.321J "WGS.321[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in French or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.628[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.628J "21L.628[J]"). Limited to 18.

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.345 French Language and Power (New)**

Prereq: [21G.308](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.308 "21G.308"), [21G.310](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.310 "21G.310"), or [21G.316](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.316 "21G.316") \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines the sociolinguistic debates surrounding language, culture, politics, and identity in France and the Francophone world. Explores the historical spread of French, from its rise during the medieval and colonial periods to its current global role and analyzes how language reflects and shapes national and cultural identities. Topics include language ideologies, standardization, multilingualism, and the role of French in a globalized world. Integrates readings, discussions, and research projects. No prior background in linguistics is required. Taught in French. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*E. Dessein*

#### **21G.346 Topics in Modern French Literature and Culture**

Prereq: One intermediate subject in French \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

Close study of history and criticism of French literature, focusing on a specific group of writers, a movement, a theme, a critical or theoretical issue, or an analytic approach. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. Taught in French.

*Consult B. Perreau*

#### **21G.347[J] Social and Literary Trends in Contemporary Short French Fiction (New)**

Same subject as [21L.629[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.629J "21L.629[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in French or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.629[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.629J "21L.629[J]").

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.348 Global Paris**

Prereq: One intermediate subject in French or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Investigates Paris' oversized status as a global capital by looking at the events, transformations, cultures, and arts for which the city is known. Explores Paris as a magnet for immigrants, and how their presence has transformed the city. Takes into account the city as a mythic place, dreamed of and reconstructed as far away as Bollywood and Las Vegas. Provides a deeper understanding of Paris and its current place in French and global cultures. Taught in French.

*C. Clark*

#### **21G.353[J] Understanding Contemporary French Politics (New)**

Same subject as [21L.630[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.630J "21L.630[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.053[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.053 "21G.053[J]"), [21L.622[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.622 "21L.622[J]")

See description under subject [21L.630[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.630J "21L.630[J]"). Limited to 25.

*B. Perreau*

#### **21G.356 The Making of Modern Europe: 1789-Present**

Subject meets with [21G.056[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.056J "21G.056[J]"), [21H.143[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.143J "21H.143[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Provides an introduction to European history from 1789 to the present. Surveys the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, industrialization and the rise of labor politics, imperialism and nationalism, the First and Second World Wars, the Holocaust, Cold War divisions and the dissolution of the Eastern bloc, decolonization, and the ongoing search for a new Europe after 1989. Taught in English with a project that requires research in French.

*E. Kempf*

#### **21G.368[J] The Invention of French Theory: A History of Transatlantic Intellectual Life since 1945 (New)**

Same subject as [21L.631[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.631J "21L.631[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in French \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-S\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.068[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.068 "21G.068[J]"), [21L.623[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.623 "21L.623[J]")

See description under subject [21L.631[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.631J "21L.631[J]"). Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*B. Perreau*

### Graduate Language Subjects

#### **21G.333 French III (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.303](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.303 "21G.303")\
Prereq: [21G.352](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.352 "21G.352") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, Spring)\
3-1-8 units

Third subject in the French language sequence. Systematic work on grammar and vocabulary expands skills in understanding, speaking, reading and writing in French. Intercultural exploration through a variety of authentic materials, such as music, videos, films, newspapers, and excerpts from literary texts. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*C. Culot*

#### **21G.334 French IV (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.304](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.304 "21G.304")\
Prereq: [21G.333](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.333 "21G.333") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, Spring)\
3-1-8 units

Fourth subject in the French language sequence. Focuses on language and intercultural understanding. Students work with a variety of materials such as surveys, newspapers, commercials, films and music. Systematic work on grammar and vocabulary expands students' skills in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*E. Dessein*

#### **21G.351 French I**

Subject meets with [21G.301](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.301 "21G.301")\
Prereq: None \
G (Fall, IAP, Spring)\
3-1-8 units

Introduction to the French language and culture with emphasis on acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. Conducted entirely in French. Exposure to the language via a variety of authentic sources such as the Internet, audio, video and printed materials which help develop cultural awareness and linguistic proficiency. Coordinated language lab program. Limited to 18 per section.

*L. Rezvani*

#### **21G.352 French II**

Subject meets with [21G.302](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.302 "21G.302")\
Prereq: [21G.351](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.351 "21G.351") \
G (Fall, Spring)\
3-1-8 units

Continuation of introductory course to the French language and culture with emphasis on acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. Conducted entirely in French. Exposure to the language via a variety of authentic sources such as the Internet, audio, video and printed materials which help develop cultural awareness as well as linguistic proficiency. Coordinated language lab. Same as [21G.302](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.302 "21G.302"), but for graduate credit. Limited to 18 per section.

*L. Rezvani*

## German

*The subjects below are taught in German and include offerings in language, literature, and cultural studies.\
\
The indication of prerequisites for specific German offerings does not apply to students who have already completed equivalent work. For further placement advice, consult one of the field advisors in German.*

### Fundamental Language Subjects

#### **21G.401 German I**

Subject meets with [21G.451](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.451 "21G.451")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP, Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Introduction to German language and culture. Acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. A variety of contemporary sources, including online as well as printed materials, audio, and video, provide direct exposure to German language and culture. Development of effective basic communication skills to participate in everyday conversation and cultural situations. For graduate credit, see [21G.451](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.451 "21G.451"). Limited to 18 per section.

*A. Nguyen*

#### **21G.402 German II**

Subject meets with [21G.452](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.452 "21G.452")\
Prereq: [21G.401](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.401 "21G.401") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Expansion of basic communication skills and further development of linguistic and cultural competencies. Review and completion of basic grammar, building of vocabulary, and practice in writing short essays. Reading of short literary texts. Exposure to history and culture of the German-speaking world through contemporary online materials, audio, and video. For graduate credit see [21G.452](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.452 "21G.452"). Limited to 18 per section.

*D. Jaeger*

#### **21G.403 German III**

Subject meets with [21G.453](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.453 "21G.453")\
Prereq: [21G.402](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.402 "21G.402") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Expands skills in speaking, reading, listening, and writing and cultural competency. Develops analytic and interpretative skills through media selections on contemporary issues in the German-speaking world. Discussions and compositions as well as review of grammar and development of vocabulary-building strategies. Recommended for students with two years of high school German. Limited to 18 per section.

*D. Jaeger*

#### **21G.404 German IV**

Subject meets with [21G.454](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.454 "21G.454")\
Prereq: [21G.403](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.403 "21G.403") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Discussion and exploration of topics in their current cultural, social, political, and historical contexts in the German-speaking world. Further refinement of oral and written expression and expansion of communicative competence in practical everyday situations. Development of interpretive skills, using literary texts and contemporary media texts (film, TV broadcasts, Web materials). Limited to 18 per section.

*D. Jaeger*

#### **21G.406 German: Communication Intensive I**

Prereq: None. *Coreq: [21G.409](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.409 "21G.409"), [21G.410](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.410 "21G.410"), [21G.412](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.412 "21G.412"), [21G.414](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.414 "21G.414"), [21G.417](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.417 "21G.417"), [21G.418](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.418 "21G.418"), or [21G.420](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.420 "21G.420")*; permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-0-0 units

Intensive tutorial in writing and speaking for majors. Provides students with enhanced linguistic and cultural fluency for academic or real-world purposes. [21G.407](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.407 "21G.407") builds on writing and speaking skills acquired in [21G.406](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.406 "21G.406"). Conducted entirely in German. Preference to German majors.

*Information: J. Scheib*

#### **21G.407 German: Communication Intensive II**

Prereq: None. *Coreq: [21G.409](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.409 "21G.409"), [21G.410](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.410 "21G.410"), [21G.412](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.412 "21G.412"), [21G.414](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.414 "21G.414"), [21G.417](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.417 "21G.417"), [21G.418](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.418 "21G.418"), or [21G.420](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.420 "21G.420")*; permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-0-0 units

Intensive tutorial in writing and speaking for majors. Provides students with enhanced linguistic and cultural fluency for academic or real-world purposes. [21G.407](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.407 "21G.407") builds on writing and speaking skills acquired in [21G.406](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.406 "21G.406"). Conducted entirely in German. Preference to German majors.

*Information: J. Scheib*

### Intermediate Subjects in Language, Literature, and Culture

#### **21G.408 German Conversation Practice: Online Immersion**

Prereq: [21G.403](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.403 "21G.403") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (IAP)\
3-0-6 units. HASS-H

Focuses on conversational German. Practices communication strategies for a variety of every day conversational situations as well as specific strategies as to how to keep "things going" in a conversation and take turns in a conversation. Also practices on how to present oneself in a professional and academic setting in German. There is plenty of opportunity to converse and present themes and topics relevant and current to the German-speaking world. There is one individual student-instructor conference during the term. Taught via live Zoom sessions. Offered during IAP only. Limited to 15 for pedagogical reasons.

*D. Jaeger*

#### **21G.409 Advanced German: Visual Arts, Media, Creative Expression**

Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-A

Students develop their spoken and written language skills via storytelling, drama, interpretative speaking, poetry slam, writing short, creative texts; and by reading contemporary prose, plays, and poetry. Explores different art forms such as short film, photography, installation and digital art, and commercials. Discusses works by Yoko Tawada, Ernst Jandl, and Babak Saed, among others. Students create their own mini-film, commercial, or multimedia work. Taught in German.

*D. Jaeger*

#### **21G.410 Advanced German: Communication for Professionals**

Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Exposes students to current issues and language use in German technology, business, and international industrial relations; discusses ramifications of these issues in a larger social and cultural context. Prepares students who wish to work or study in a German-speaking country. Focuses on specialized vocabulary and systematic training in speaking and writing skills to improve fluency and style. Emphasizes communicative strategies that are crucial in a working environment. Includes discussion and analysis of newspaper and magazine articles, modern expository prose, and extensive use of online material. Taught in German.

*R. Sondermann*

#### **21G.411 Conflict, Contest, Controversy: A Literary Investigation of German Politics**

Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Investigates political and historical happenings in German-speaking countries through an examination of politically informed literature and art from the past 120 years. Moves topically, analyzing a wide range of genres and literary movements through lenses such as propaganda, religion, art and extremism, immigration and language, and imaginaries of both the past and the future. Focuses on exploring the dialogues and points of contact between creators and historic- political moments from the early 1900s to the present day, unearthing answers to questions about the past, present, and future of German identity. Taught in German. 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*E. Goodling*

#### **21G.412 Advanced German: Literature and Culture**

Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores representative and influential works from the 19th century to the present, through literary texts (short prose, drama, poetry), radio plays, art, animated short film, and architecture. Discusses the construction and social function of these works. Provides students with ample opportunity to enhance their German orally and in writing. Topics include questions of how Germany is shaped by its history, debates about identity and identity formation, technology and the human as machine, science and ethics in the context of the present climate emergency. Includes works by E.T.A. Hoffmann, Kafka, Dürrenmatt, and Herta Müller. Taught in German.

*D. Jaeger*

### Advanced Subjects in Language, Literature, and Culture

#### **21G.414 German Culture, Media, and Society**

Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

Investigates current trends and topics in German literature, theater, film, television, radio, and other media arts productions. Analyzes media texts in the context of their production, reception, and distribution as well as the public debates initiated by these works. Students have the opportunity to discuss topics with a writer, filmmaker, and/or media artist from Germany. Taught in German. Topics vary from term to term.

*K. Fendt*

#### **21G.417 Cultural Geographies of Germany: Nature, Culture, and Politics**

Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines the relationship between nature, geography, and power in 20th- and 21st-century German culture. Familiarizes students with a series of themes in literature, science, engineering, urban planning and everyday life that have played a central role in German national imaginaries and concepts of citizenship. Engaging specific examples and historical, ethnographic, literary and visual material, students explore how human-environment relations have figured prominently in German national identity, its economic power, and global connections. Taught in German.

*B. Stoetzer*

#### **21G.418 Race and Migration in Europe**

Subject meets with [21A.132[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.132J "21A.132[J]"), [21G.058[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.058J "21G.058[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Addresses the shifting politics of nation, ethnicity, and race in the context of migration and globalization in Germany and Europe. Provides students with analytical tools to approach global concerns and consider Europe and Germany from cross-cultural and interdisciplinary perspectives. Familiarizes students with the ways in which histories of migration, travel, and colonial encounters shape contemporary Europe. Introduces the concepts of transnationalism, diasporic cultures, racism, ethnicity, asylum, and mobility via case studies and materials, including film, ethnography, fiction, and autobiography. Taught in English with a project that requires research and writing in German. Limited to 18.

*B. Stoetzer*

#### **21G.419 City Living: Ethnographies of Urban Worlds**

Subject meets with [21A.402[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.402J "21A.402[J]"), [21G.029[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.029J "21G.029[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-S

Introduces the ways in which anthropologists have studied cities. Addressing the question of what constitutes the boundaries of life in the city, students familiarize themselves with key themes - such as the relation between city and countryside, space and place, urban economies, science, globalization, migration, nature/culture, kinship, and race, gender, class and memory - that have guided anthropological analyses of cities across the world. Via engagement with case studies and their own small fieldwork projects, students gain experience with different ethnographic strategies for documenting urban life. Taught in English with a project that requires research and writing in German. Limited to 25 across [21A.402[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.402 "21A.402[J]") and [21G.419](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.419 "21G.419").

*B. Stoetzer*

#### **21G.420 German Cinema**

Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
2-2-8 units. HASS-A

Surveys the history, aesthetics, and cultural context of German film from the early 20th century into the 21st century. Explores early expressionist films and the interaction of German film and society in early Nazi society. Investigates and compares different film traditions of East and West Germany; and examines the new aesthetic styles of the "Berlin School" after the fall of the Berlin wall, as well as new filmic concepts in contemporary productions, including films from filmmakers with migration backgrounds. Special focus on the analysis of the language of film, different genres, and aesthetic traditions in their historical and societal contexts. Taught in German. Limited to 18.

*D. Jaeger*

#### **21G.421 Franz Kafka: An Author for the 21st Century (New)**

Prereq: [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores Kafka's world and his observations on a fundamental dehumanization of modern life that transcends time and culture and still resonates today. Through in-depth analysis, investigates the ways in which alienation and estrangement — two profound themes in Kafka's work — are portrayed in relation to bureaucracy and systems, technology and war, and the individual and the state. Examines these themes, which have come to be known as Kafkaesque, through the lens of contemporary digitalization and digitally mediated life. Students develop a research topic that is refined during the term through in-class discussion and workshops, writing, and oral presentations, culminating in a final paper. Taught in German. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*D. Jaeger*

### Graduate Language Subjects

#### **21G.451 German I**

Subject meets with [21G.401](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.401 "21G.401")\
Prereq: [21G.451](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.451 "21G.451") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, IAP, Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Introduction to German language and culture. Acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. A variety of contemporary sources, such as online as well as printed materials, audio, and video, provide direct exposure to German language and culture. Development of effective basic communication skills to participate in everyday conversation and cultural situations. For undergraduate credit, see [21G.401](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.401 "21G.401"). Limited to 18 per section.

*E. Goodling*

#### **21G.452 German II**

Subject meets with [21G.402](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.402 "21G.402")\
Prereq: [21G.451](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.451 "21G.451") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Expansion of basic communication skills and further development of linguistic and cultural competencies. Review and completion of basic grammar, building of vocabulary, and practice in writing short essays. Reading of short literary texts. Exposure to history and culture of the German-speaking world through contemporary online materials, audio, and video. For undergraduate credit, see [21G.402](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.402 "21G.402"). Limited to 18 per section.

*D. Jaeger*

#### **21G.453 German III (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.403](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.403 "21G.403")\
Prereq: [21G.452](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.452 "21G.452") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Expands skills in speaking, reading, listening, and writing and cultural competency. Develops analytic and interpretative skills through media selections on contemporary issues in the German-speaking world. Discussions and compositions as well as review of grammar and development of vocabulary-building strategies. Recommended for students with two years of high school German. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*D. Jaeger*

#### **21G.454 German IV (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.404](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.404 "21G.404")\
Prereq: [21G.453](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.453 "21G.453") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Discussion and exploration of topics in their current cultural, social, political, and historical contexts in the German-speaking world. Further refinement of oral and written expression and expansion of communicative competence in practical everyday situations. Development of interpretive skills, using literary texts and contemporary media texts (film, TV broadcasts, Web materials). Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*D. Jaeger*

## Japanese

*The subjects below are taught in Japanese and include offerings in language, literature, and cultural studies.\
\
The indication of prerequisites for specific Japanese offerings does not apply to students who have already completed equivalent work. For further placement advice, consult one of the field advisors in Japanese.*

### Fundamental Language Subjects

#### **21G.501 Japanese I**

Subject meets with [21G.S51](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S51 "21G.S51"), [21G.S57](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S57 "21G.S57")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.551](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.551 "21G.551")

Introduction to modern standard Japanese. Emphasis on developing proficiency in speaking and listening, using basic grammar and vocabulary. Basic skills in reading and writing are also taught. Lab work required. For graduate credit see [21G.551](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.551 "21G.551"). Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult M. Ikeda*

#### **21G.S51 Special Subject: Japanese I**

Subject meets with [21G.501](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.501 "21G.501"), [21G.S57](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S57 "21G.S57")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.551](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.551 "21G.551")

Experimental version of Japanese I, which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Designed for students with no previous knowledge of the language, providing opportunities to acquire basic skills for conversation, reading and writing in Japanese. In in-person sessions, students participate in vigorous drill exercises and discussions, engaging in face-to-face interactions within an immersive learning environment, ensuring immediate feedback. In asynchronous sessions, students engage in asynchronous learning activities at their own pace. Activities include grammar and culture lessons, speaking and reading practice, as well as interactive pair/group work designed to develop students' communication skills, language proficiency, and collaborative abilities while deepening their understanding of the Japanese language and culture. Licensed for Fall 2025 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*W. Maekawa*

#### **21G.502 Japanese II**

Subject meets with [21G.552](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.552 "21G.552")\
Prereq: [21G.501](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.501 "21G.501") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.S52](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S52 "21G.S52"), [21G.S58](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S58 "21G.S58")

Enhancement of the four basic skills. Extension of basic grammar. Vocabulary and kanji (Chinese characters) building. Lab work required. For graduate credit see [21G.552](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.552 "21G.552"). Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult M. Ikeda*

#### **21G.S52 Special Subject: Japanese II**

Subject meets with [21G.S58](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S58 "21G.S58")\
Prereq: [21G.501](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.501 "21G.501") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.502](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.502 "21G.502"), [21G.552](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.552 "21G.552"), [21G.S58](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S58 "21G.S58")

Experimental version of Japanese II, which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Designed to enhance the basic skills for conversation, reading, and writing in Japanese. In in-person sessions, students participate in vigorous drill exercises and discussions, engaging in face-to-face interactions within an immersive learning environment, ensuring immediate feedback. In asynchronous sessions, students engage in asynchronous learning activities at their own pace. Activities include grammar and culture lessons, speaking and reading practice, as well as interactive pair/group work designed to develop students' communication skills, language proficiency, and collaborative abilities while deepening their understanding of the Japanese language and culture. Licensed for Spring 2025 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*W. Maekawa*

#### **21G.503 Japanese III**

Subject meets with [21G.553](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.553 "21G.553")\
Prereq: [21G.502](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.502 "21G.502") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Fall)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.S53](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S53 "21G.S53"), [21G.S59](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S59 "21G.S59")

Students further develop their skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Involves continued vocabulary and kanji building. Coordinated language lab. Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult T. Aikawa*

#### **21G.S53 Special Subject: Japanese III**

Subject meets with [21G.S59](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S59 "21G.S59")\
Prereq: [21G.502](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.502 "21G.502") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.503](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.503 "21G.503"), [21G.553](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.553 "21G.553"), [21G.S59](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S59 "21G.S59")

Experimental version of Japanese III, which offers a combination of in-person and asynchronous remote instruction. Students further develop four basic skills in Japanese — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Involves continuous expansion of vocabulary and kanji. Promotes the development of effective communication and collaborative skills, while nurturing learning autonomy. Aims to establish a solid linguistic foundation while deepening understanding of Japanese culture. Licensed for Fall 2025 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Ikeda Lamm*

#### **21G.504 Japanese IV**

Subject meets with [21G.544](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.544 "21G.544")\
Prereq: [21G.503](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.503 "21G.503") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.S54](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S54 "21G.S54"), [21G.S60](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S60 "21G.S60")

Review and expansion of basic skills. Emphasis on application of basic grammar and vocabulary in various situations. Lab work required. Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult M. Ikeda*

#### **21G.S54 Special Subject: Japanese IV**

Subject meets with [21G.S60](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S60 "21G.S60")\
Prereq: [21G.503](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.503 "21G.503") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504"), [21G.544](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.544 "21G.544"), [21G.S60](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S60 "21G.S60")

Experimental version of Japanese IV, which offers a combination of in-person and asynchronous remote instruction. Aims to build a foundation of basic language skills in Japanese — listening, speaking, reading, and writing, enhancing collaborative and interactive skills, while also cultivating learning autonomy. Introduces Japanese honorific and humble language to prepare students to navigate various social and professional situations. Includes comprehensive review of intermediate grammar, along with instruction on versatile writing and persuasive presentation skills. Licensed for Spring 2026 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Ikeda Lamm*

#### **21G.505 Japanese V**

Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or (Placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.515](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.515 "21G.515")

Systematic development of reading, writing, and oral communication skills. Introduction to advanced grammar that deepens the understanding of Japanese culture and society through reading and discussion. Lab work required. Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult T. Aikawa*

#### **21G.S55 Special Subject: Japanese V**

Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or (Placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Experimental version of [21G.505](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.505 "21G.505"), which offers a combination of in-person and synchronous remote instruction. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Immerses students in various aspects of Japanese culture through authentic everyday Japanese media. Licensed for Fall 2024 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*T. Aikawa*

#### **21G.506 Japanese VI**

Prereq: [21G.505](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.505 "21G.505") or (Placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Continuation of [21G.505](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.505 "21G.505"). Further development of reading, writing, and oral communication skills. Extension of advanced grammar and further enhancement of advanced vocabulary. Variety of cultural elements studied through readings, video, and discussion. Lab work required.

*Consult T. Aikawa*

#### **21G.S56 Special Subject: Japanese VI**

Prereq: [21G.505](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.505 "21G.505") or (Placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Experimental version of [21G.506](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.506 "21G.506"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Immerses students in various aspects of Japanese culture through authentic everyday Japanese media and engaging in multiple task or project-based activities. Licensed for Spring 2024 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*T. Aikawa*

### Advanced Subjects

#### **21G.510 Project-based Japanese Learning with Multimedia**

Prereq: [21G.506](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.506 "21G.506") or (Placement test and permission of instructor) \
U (Fall)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Builds advanced Japanese skills that can be applied to real-life issues and/or problems through project-based learning. Focuses on topics in technology, science, and society, such as AI, robotics, environment issues, social justice, the global pandemic, etc. Develops communicative skills (e.g., explaining, expressing opinions, describing) and expands vocabularies and expressions through class debates and discussions. Students conduct two projects (individual and group) to create quality end-products, using digital technologies (e.g., video, 360 images, VR). In-class time devoted to project progress reports and tangible outcomes; Zoom sessions are used for questions and individualized feedback about the projects. Taught entirely in Japanese. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*T. Aikawa*

#### **21G.515 Japanese V (Hybrid) (New)**

Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.505](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.505 "21G.505")

Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Immerses students in various aspects of Japanese culture through authentic everyday Japanese media. Combines in-person and remote instruction. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*T. Aikawa*

#### **21G.516 Japanese VI (Hybrid) (New)**

Prereq: [21G.515](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.515 "21G.515") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Immerses students in various aspects of Japanese culture through authentic everyday Japanese media. Combines in-person and remote instruction. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*T. Aikawa*

#### **21G.541 Foundations of East Asian Literature and Culture: From Confucius to the Beats (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.041[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.041J "21G.041[J]"), [21G.141](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.141 "21G.141"), [21L.040[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.040J "21L.040[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Studies foundational works from East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam) with a focus on their cultural context and contemporary relevance and asks how "Literature" looks different when conceived through some of the world's oldest literatures beyond the West. Explores philosophical texts, history writing, poetry, stories and diaries, tales, and novels. Hones skills of reading, writing, and speaking with a sense of cultural sensitivity, historical depth, and comparative contemplation Taught in English with a project that requires research in Chinese.

*W. Denecke*

### Graduate Language Subjects

#### **21G.544 Japanese IV (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504")\
Prereq: [21G.553](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.553 "21G.553") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.S54](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S54 "21G.S54"), [21G.S60](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S60 "21G.S60")

Review and expansion of basic skills. Emphasis on application of basic grammar and vocabulary in various situations. Lab work required. Same as [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504"), but for graduate credit.

*M. Ikeda*

#### **21G.551 Japanese I**

Prereq: None \
G (Fall, IAP)\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.501](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.501 "21G.501"), [21G.S51](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S51 "21G.S51"), [21G.S57](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S57 "21G.S57")

Introduction to modern standard Japanese. Emphasis on developing proficiency in speaking and listening, using basic grammar and vocabulary. Basic skills in reading and writing are also taught. Lab work required. Same as [21G.501](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.501 "21G.501"), but for graduate credit.  Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult M. Ikeda*

#### **21G.S57 Special Subject: Japanese I**

Subject meets with [21G.501](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.501 "21G.501"), [21G.S51](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S51 "21G.S51")\
Prereq: None \
G (Fall)\
3-0-9 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.551](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.551 "21G.551")

Experimental version of Japanese I, which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Designed for students with no previous knowledge of the language, providing opportunities to acquire basic skills for conversation, reading and writing in Japanese. In in-person sessions, students participate in vigorous drill exercises and discussions, engaging in face-to-face interactions within an immersive learning environment, ensuring immediate feedback. In asynchronous sessions, students engage in asynchronous learning activities at their own pace. Activities include grammar and culture lessons, speaking and reading practice, as well as interactive pair/group work designed to develop students' communication skills, language proficiency, and collaborative abilities while deepening their understanding of the Japanese language and culture. Licensed for Fall 2025 by the Committee on Graduate Programs. Limited 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*W. Maekawa*

#### **21G.552 Japanese II**

Subject meets with [21G.502](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.502 "21G.502")\
Prereq: [21G.551](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.551 "21G.551") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.S52](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S52 "21G.S52"), [21G.S58](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S58 "21G.S58")

Enhancement of the four basic skills. Extension of basic grammar. Vocabulary and <em>kanji</em> (Chinese characters) building. Lab work required. Same as [21G.502](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.502 "21G.502"), but for graduate credit. Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult W. Maekawa*

#### **21G.S58 Special Subject: Japanese II**

Subject meets with [21G.S52](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S52 "21G.S52")\
Prereq: [21G.501](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.501 "21G.501") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
G (Spring)\
3-0-9 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.502](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.502 "21G.502"), [21G.552](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.552 "21G.552"), [21G.S52](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S52 "21G.S52")

Experimental version of Japanese II, which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Designed to enhance the basic skills for conversation, reading, and writing in Japanese. In in-person sessions, students participate in vigorous drill exercises and discussions, engaging in face-to-face interactions within an immersive learning environment, ensuring immediate feedback. In asynchronous sessions, students engage in asynchronous learning activities at their own pace. Activities include grammar and culture lessons, speaking and reading practice, as well as interactive pair/group work designed to develop students' communication skills, language proficiency, and collaborative abilities while deepening their understanding of the Japanese language and culture. Licensed for Spring 2025 by the Committee on Graduate Programs. Limited to 16 for pedagogical purposes.

*W. Maekawa*

#### **21G.S59 Special Subject: Japanese III (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.S53](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S53 "21G.S53")\
Prereq: [21G.552](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.552 "21G.552") or (placement test and permission of instructor) \
G (Fall)\
3-0-12 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.503](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.503 "21G.503"), [21G.553](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.553 "21G.553"), [21G.S53](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S53 "21G.S53")

Experimental version of Japanese III, which offers a combination of in-person and asynchronous remote instruction. Students further develop four basic skills in Japanese — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Involves continuous expansion of vocabulary and kanji. Promotes the development of effective communication and collaborative skills, while nurturing learning autonomy. Aims to establish a solid linguistic foundation while deepening understanding of Japanese culture. Licensed for Fall 2025 by the Committee on Graduate Programs. Limited to 16 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Ikeda*

#### **21G.S60 Japanese IV (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.S54](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S54 "21G.S54")\
Prereq: [21G.553](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.553 "21G.553") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504"), [21G.544](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.544 "21G.544"), [21G.S54](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S54 "21G.S54")

Review and expansion of basic skills. Emphasis on application of basic grammar and vocabulary in various situations. Lab work required. Same as [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504"), but for graduate credit.

*M. Ikeda Lamm*

### Japanese Language Option Subjects

#### **21G.553 Japanese III (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.503](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.503 "21G.503")\
Prereq: [21G.552](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.552 "21G.552") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.S53](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S53 "21G.S53"), [21G.S59](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.S59 "21G.S59")

Students further develop their skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Involves continued vocabulary and kanji building. Coordinated language lab. Limited to 16 per section.

*Consult T. Aikawa*

#### **21G.554 Inventing the Samurai**

Subject meets with [21H.154](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.154 "21H.154")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Explores the historical origins of the Japanese warrior class as well as its reinvention throughout the archipelago's history. Special focus on the pre-modern era (200-1600 CE). Highlights key historical contexts including the rise of the imperial court, interactions with the broader world, and the establishment of a warrior-dominated state. Also considers the modern imaginations and uses of the warrior figure. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Preference to Japanese minors.

*H. Nagahara*

#### **21G.555 Modern Japan: 1600 to the Present**

Subject meets with [21H.155](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.155 "21H.155")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Surveys Japanese history from the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603 to the present and explores the local and global nature of modernity in Japan. Highlights key themes, including the emergence of a modern nation-state, the rise and fall of the Japanese Empire, the development of mass consumer culture and the middle class, and the continued importance of historical memory in Japan today. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Preference to Japanese minors.

*H. Nagahara*

#### **21G.556 World War II in Asia**

Subject meets with [21H.354](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.354 "21H.354")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Examines World War II in the Asia-Pacific region, starting with the rise of the Japanese Empire after World War I and ending with the Allied occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952. Highlights the diverse and, at times, contradictory forces in politics, society, and culture that shaped the wartime experiences of the empire's inhabitants. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Preference to Japanese minors.

*H. Nagahara*

#### **21G.562 Gateway to Japanese Literature and Culture**

Subject meets with [21G.062[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.062J "21G.062[J]"), [21L.493[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.493J "21L.493[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Surveys the nature, history, and distinctive features of Japanese literature and cultural history from the beginnings through the threshold of modernity. Examines various genres of poetry, historiography and mythological lore, prose tales and fiction, diaries, essays, Noh and puppet plays, short stories and novels; and helps students appreciate the texts' relevance in the historical and cultural context in which authors wrote them, in the broader context of literary traditions from around the world, and for the humanistic and aesthetic power that make them poignant to us today. Showcases how authors increasingly enjoyed adapting, redoing, and satirizing earlier models, while constantly developing new expressive forms suited to the urgent needs of their time. Includes an eco-literature lab, a creative writing lab, and a history-writing lab for collaborative experimentation. Taught in English with a project in Japanese.

*W. Denecke*

#### **21G.591 Gender and Japanese Popular Culture**

Subject meets with [21A.143[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.143J "21A.143[J]"), [21G.039[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.039J "21G.039[J]"), [WGS.154[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.154J "WGS.154[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Examines relationships between identity and participation in Japanese popular culture as a way of understanding the changing character of media, capitalism, fan communities, and culture. Emphasizes contemporary popular culture and theories of gender, sexuality, race, and the workings of power and value in global culture industries. Topics include manga (comic books), hip-hop and other popular music, anime and feature films, video games, contemporary literature, and online communication. Students present analyses of materials during in-class discussions and develop a final project based on a particular aspect of gender and popular culture. Several films screened outside of regular class meeting times. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Preference to Japanese minors.

*I. Condry*

#### **21G.592 Introduction to Japanese Culture**

Subject meets with [21G.064](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.064 "21G.064")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Examines the major aesthetic, social, and political elements that have shaped modern Japanese culture and society. Includes readings on contemporary Japan and the historical evolution of the culture. Students study literary texts, film and art, and analyze everyday life and leisure activities. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Limited to 18; preference to Japanese minors.

*Consult P. Roquet*

#### **21G.593 Japanese Media Cultures**

Subject meets with [21G.065[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.065J "21G.065[J]"), [CMS.354[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.354J "CMS.354[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Examines storytelling media in twentieth and twenty-first century Japan, situating emerging media aesthetics and practices alongside broader shifts in cultural and social life. Engages with pivotal works in a wide range of media including film, literature, anime, manga, and video games, as well as critical concepts in Japanese media studies. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Preference to Japanese minors.

*Consult P. Roquet*

#### **21G.594 Japanese Cinema**

Subject meets with [21G.094[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.094J "21G.094[J]"), [CMS.352[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.352J "CMS.352[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-10 units. HASS-A

Maps the development of moving image media in Japan while providing a thorough introduction to film analysis. Each week examines a different component of cinematic form through the close analysis of specific works in their cultural and historical context. Assignments explore the video essay as a tool of critical analysis. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Preference to Japanese minors. Limited to 18.

*P. Roquet*

#### **21G.595 Cultures of Popular Music in East Asia: Japan, Korea, China**

Subject meets with [21G.095[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.095J "21G.095[J]"), [21M.297[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21M.297J "21M.297[J]"), [WGS.150[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.150J "WGS.150[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-A

Explores a variety of music cultures in contemporary East Asia. Emphasizes examples from Japan, but forays elsewhere, including South Korea and China. Uses writings, videos, and recordings of musical performances, events, and objects in a variety of contexts to better understand how the concept of culture gives insight into gender, class, sexuality, race, ethnicity, nationhood, and individual identities. Explores ethnographic approaches to musical cultures with a focus on the last thirty years. Topics include Japanese hip-hop, K-Pop idols, Vocaloids (virtual idols), Chinese popular music and protest, street music, streaming and online distribution for global music, and experimental music. Students conduct ethnographic fieldwork and produce sonic presentations. No music experience nor technical expertise required. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese.

*I. Condry*

#### **21G.596 Anime: Transnational Media and Culture**

Subject meets with [21G.063](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.063 "21G.063")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Explores anime (Japanese animated films and TV shows) as a study in flows among media and cultures. Discusses Japan's substantial share of the TV cartoon market and the reasons for anime's worldwide success. Focuses on cultural production and the ways anime cultures are created through the interactive efforts of studios, sponsors, fans, broadcasters, and distributors. Uses anime scholarship and media examples as a means to examine leading theories in media and cultural studies, gender and sexuality, technology and identity, and post-industrial globalization. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Preference to Japanese minors.

*I. Condry*

#### **21G.597 Digital Media in Japan and Korea**

Subject meets with [21G.067[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.067J "21G.067[J]"), [CMS.351[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.351J "CMS.351[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.504](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.504 "21G.504") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Examines the social, cultural, and political stakes of digital culture in Japan and Korea. Focuses on digital media use (and abuse), including the internet, streaming and mobile media, gaming, robots, and augmented realities; the digital remediation of older media; and methods for the study of online life. By considering how digital media use has developed in each country and reshaped identity, politics, public space, and creative practice, students build a conceptual and critical vocabulary for the comparative study of algorithmic cultures. Taught in English with a project that requires research in Japanese. Preference to Japanese minors.

*P. Roquet*

## Portuguese

*The subjects below are taught in Portuguese and include offerings in language, literature, and cultural studies.\
\
The indication of prerequisites for specific Portuguese offerings does not apply to students who have already completed equivalent work. For further placement advice, consult one of the field advisors in Portuguese.*

### Fundamental Language Subjects

#### **21G.800 Accelerated Introductory Portuguese**

Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802"), [21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852"), [21G.855](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.855 "21G.855"), [21G.880](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.880 "21G.880"), [21G.882](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.882 "21G.882"), [21G.888](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.888 "21G.888")

Accelerated introduction to the language and culture of the Portuguese-speaking world, with special attention to Brazilian Portuguese. For students with little or no previous knowledge of Portuguese. Introduction to understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Portuguese. Covers essential content of complete first-year Portuguese in one semester. Maximal use of fundamentals of grammar in active communication. Audio and video based language laboratory program coordinated with and supplemented to class work. Conducted in Portuguese. Limited to 18.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.880 Accelerated Introductory Portuguese for Spanish Speakers**

Subject meets with [21G.855](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.855 "21G.855")\
Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.800](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.800 "21G.800"), [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802"), [21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852"), [21G.855](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.855 "21G.855"), [21G.882](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.882 "21G.882"), [21G.888](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.888 "21G.888")

Accelerated introduction to the language and culture of the Portuguese-speaking world, with special attention to Brazilian Portuguese. Designed for speakers of Spanish (native or bilingual, or those who have completed two college years or the equivalent). Covers essential content of first-year Portuguese in one semester. Builds on the similarities and differences between both languages in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation for speaking, listening, reading and writing skills. For graduate credit, see [21G.855](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.855 "21G.855"). Limited to 18.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.801 Portuguese I**

Subject meets with [21G.851](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.851 "21G.851")\
Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.881](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.881 "21G.881"), [21G.887](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.887 "21G.887")

Introduction to the language and culture of the Portuguese-speaking world, with special attention to Brazilian Portuguese. Focuses on basic oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Students develop their vocabulary and understanding of grammatical concepts through active communication. Designed for students with no knowledge/proficiency in Portuguese. For graduate credit, see [21G.851](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.851 "21G.851"). Limited to 18.

*Consult N. Dominique*

#### **21G.881 Portuguese I (Hybrid) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.887](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.887 "21G.887")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801"), [21G.851](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.851 "21G.851"), [21G.887](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.887 "21G.887")

Hybrid version of [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801")/[21G.851](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.851 "21G.851"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. An introduction for students with little or no previous knowledge of Portuguese. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.802 Portuguese II**

Subject meets with [21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852")\
Prereq: [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.800](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.800 "21G.800"), [21G.855](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.855 "21G.855"), [21G.880](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.880 "21G.880"), [21G.882](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.882 "21G.882"), [21G.888](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.888 "21G.888")

Continuation of [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801"). Focuses on expanding communication skills and further development of linguistic competency. Uses a variety of authentic materials, such as the audio, video, web, and printed materials, to help develop cultural awareness and linguistic proficiency.  For graduate credit, see [21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852"). Limited to 18.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.882 Portuguese II (Hybrid) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.888](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.888 "21G.888")\
Prereq: [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801"), [21G.881](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.881 "21G.881"), or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.800](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.800 "21G.800"), [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802"), [21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852"), [21G.855](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.855 "21G.855"), [21G.880](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.880 "21G.880"), [21G.888](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.888 "21G.888")

Hybrid version of [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802")/[21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852"). Focus on communication with emphasis on basic oral expression. Aims to help students master the core grammar and basic vocabulary of Portuguese, fostering their engagement in everyday conversation with native speakers, as well as reading simple texts, both fiction and non-fiction, with relative ease. Combines in-person and remote instruction. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.803 Portuguese III**

Subject meets with [21G.853](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.853 "21G.853")\
Prereq: [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.883](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.883 "21G.883"), [21G.889](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.889 "21G.889")

Expands the breadth and depth of students' skills in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Portuguese while continuing to provide exposure to the history and cultures of the Portuguese-speaking world. Uses short stories, films and music to study issues of historical and current interest. Conducted entirely in Portuguese. Limited to 18.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.883 Portuguese III Hybrid (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.889](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.889 "21G.889")\
Prereq: [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802"), [21G.882](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.882 "21G.882"), or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.803](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.803 "21G.803"), [21G.853](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.853 "21G.853"), [21G.889](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.889 "21G.889")

Hybrid version of [21G.803](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.803 "21G.803")/853, which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. A beginning intermediate language class that aims to expand and consolidate the student's basic linguistic skills, as well as several relevant cultural aspects of the Portuguese-speaking world. Includes a thorough review of grammar through exposure to input from various sources: written texts, movies, multi-media, and discussions in Portuguese. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.804 Portuguese IV**

Subject meets with [21G.854](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.854 "21G.854")\
Prereq: [21G.803](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.803 "21G.803") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.884](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.884 "21G.884"), [21G.890](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.890 "21G.890")

Continued study of the language and culture to improve fluency, accuracy and style in both oral and written communication. Students discuss current news articles, short literary texts, films, music and web-based materials dealing with issues relevant to the Portuguese-speaking world. Coursework also includes grammar review. Conducted entirely in Portuguese. Limited to 18.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.884 Portuguese IV Hybrid (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.890](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.890 "21G.890")\
Prereq: [21G.883](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.883 "21G.883") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804"), [21G.854](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.854 "21G.854"), [21G.890](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.890 "21G.890")

Hybrid version of [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Develops linguistic competence and expands students' background knowledge of the history and cultures of the Portuguese-speaking world. Aims to promote cross-cultural understanding through the use of authentic materials such as literary or historical readings, film, music, photography, and excerpts from the press. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

### Intermediate Subjects in Language, Literature, and Culture

#### **21G.811 Conversational Portuguese**

Prereq: [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Intermediate-level subject designed to build the student's vocabulary and improve oral communication through discussion of topics related to cultural and social aspects of Portuguese-speaking societies. Provides extensive listening and speaking practice in oral discourse, including dialogues, narrative and description, with great emphasis on everyday-life situations. Conducted entirely in Portuguese. Limited to 18.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.820 Topics in Modern Portuguese Literature and Culture**

Prereq: [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

Close study of history and criticism of Portuguese literature, focusing on a specific group of writers, a movement, a theme, a critical or theoretical issue, or an analytic approach. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. Taught in Portuguese.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.821[J] The Beat of Brazil: Portuguese Language and Brazilian Society Through its Music**

Same subject as [21M.298[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21M.298J "21M.298[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-A

Presents an overview of Brazilian history, art, and culture from the late 19th century to the present day. Topics covered are woven into the larger theme of popular Brazilian music, and include the Modern Art Week of 1922, Cândido Portinari's paintings, the Tropicalist art movement, and the role of artists and intellectuals during and after the military dictatorship. Identifies and distinguishes the main Brazilian musical styles, connecting them to specific historical periods and events, discussing how they reflect different notions of identity, and analyzing cultural production from a transnational perspective. Practice in listening, speaking, reading, and writing is provided, with strong emphasis on developing critical thinking. Taught in Portuguese. Limited to 18.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.822 Portuguese Language through Brazilian Film**

Prereq: [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-A

Focuses on some of the most representative contemporary Brazilian film productions of the past half century. Topics covered examine their historical, social, political, and social context. Selected films explore aspects such as social inequality, migration, race relations, the role of women in society, as well as major political and historical events that have impacted Brazilian society. Identifies the main Brazilian characteristics and themes in contemporary film production, connecting them to specific historical periods and events, discussing how they reflect different notions of identity, and analyzing cultural production from a transnational perspective. Practice in listening, speaking, reading and writing is provided, with strong emphasis on developing critical thinking. Taught in Portuguese. 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

### Graduate Language Subjects

#### **21G.851 Portuguese I**

Subject meets with [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801")\
Prereq: None \
G (IAP)\
4-0-5 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.881](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.881 "21G.881"), [21G.887](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.887 "21G.887")

Introduction to the language and culture of the Portuguese-speaking world, with special attention to Brazilian Portuguese. Focuses on basic oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Students develop their vocabulary and understanding of grammatical concepts through active communication. Designed for students with no knowledge/proficiency in Portuguese. For undergraduate credit, see [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801"). Enrollment limited.

*Consult N. Dominique*

#### **21G.887 Portuguese I (Hybrid) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.881](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.881 "21G.881")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801"), [21G.851](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.851 "21G.851"), [21G.881](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.881 "21G.881")

Hybrid version of [21G.801](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.801 "21G.801")/[21G.851](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.851 "21G.851"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. An introduction for students with little or no previous knowledge of Portuguese. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.852 Portuguese II**

Subject meets with [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802")\
Prereq: [21G.851](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.851 "21G.851") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-5 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.800](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.800 "21G.800"), [21G.855](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.855 "21G.855"), [21G.880](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.880 "21G.880"), [21G.882](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.882 "21G.882"), [21G.888](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.888 "21G.888")

Continuation of [21G.851](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.851 "21G.851"). Focuses on expanding communication skills and further development of linguistic competency. Uses a variety of authentic materials, such as the audio, video, web, and printed materials, to help develop cultural awareness and linguistic proficiency. For undergraduate credit, see [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802"). Enrollment limited.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.853 Portuguese III (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.803](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.803 "21G.803")\
Prereq: [21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.883](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.883 "21G.883"), [21G.889](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.889 "21G.889")

Expands the breadth and depth of students' skills in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Portuguese while continuing to provide exposure to the history and cultures of the Portuguese-speaking world. Uses short stories, films, and music to study issues of historical and current interest. Conducted entirely in Portuguese. For undergraduate credit, see [21G.803](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.803 "21G.803"). Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.854 Portuguese IV (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804")\
Prereq: [21G.853](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.853 "21G.853") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.884](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.884 "21G.884"), [21G.890](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.890 "21G.890")

Continued study of the language and culture to improve fluency, accuracy, and style in both oral and written communication. Students discuss current news articles, short literary texts, films, music, and web-based materials dealing with issues relevant to the Portuguese-speaking world. Coursework also includes grammar review. Conducted entirely in Portuguese. For undergraduate credit, see [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804").

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.855 Accelerated Introductory Portuguese for Spanish Speakers**

Subject meets with [21G.880](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.880 "21G.880")\
Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
4-0-5 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.800](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.800 "21G.800"), [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802"), [21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852"), [21G.880](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.880 "21G.880"), [21G.882](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.882 "21G.882"), [21G.888](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.888 "21G.888")

Accelerated introduction to the language and culture of the Portuguese-speaking world, with special attention to Brazilian Portuguese. Designed for speakers of Spanish (native or bilingual, or those who have completed two college years or the equivalent). Covers essential content of first-year Portuguese in one semester. Builds on the similarities and differences between both languages in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation for speaking, listening, reading and writing skills. For undergraduate credit, see [21G.880](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.880 "21G.880"). Limited to 18.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.888 Portuguese II (Hybrid) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.882](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.882 "21G.882")\
Prereq: [21G.881](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.881 "21G.881") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
3-0-9 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.800](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.800 "21G.800"), [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802"), [21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852"), [21G.855](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.855 "21G.855"), [21G.880](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.880 "21G.880"), [21G.882](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.882 "21G.882")

Hybrid version of [21G.802](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.802 "21G.802")/[21G.852](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.852 "21G.852"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Focus on communication with emphasis on basic oral expression. Aims to help students master the core grammar and basic vocabulary of Portuguese, fostering their engagement in everyday conversation with native speakers, as well as reading simple texts, both fiction and non-fiction, with relative ease. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.889 Portuguese III (Hybrid) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.883](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.883 "21G.883")\
Prereq: [21G.888](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.888 "21G.888") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall)\
3-0-9 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.803](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.803 "21G.803"), [21G.853](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.853 "21G.853"), [21G.883](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.883 "21G.883")

Hybrid version of [21G.853](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.853 "21G.853"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. A beginning intermediate language class that aims to expand and consolidate the students basic linguistic skills, as well as several relevant cultural aspects of the Portuguese-speaking world. Includes a thorough review of grammar through exposure to input from various sources: written texts, movies, multi-media, and discussions in Portuguese. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

#### **21G.890 Portuguese IV Hybrid (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.884](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.884 "21G.884")\
Prereq: [21G.889](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.889 "21G.889") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
3-0-9 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.804](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.804 "21G.804"), [21G.854](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.854 "21G.854"), [21G.884](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.884 "21G.884")

Hybrid version of [21G.854](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.854 "21G.854"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Develops linguistic competence and expands students' background knowledge of the history and cultures of the Portuguese-speaking world. Aims to promote cross-cultural understanding through the use of authentic materials such as literary or historical readings, film, music, photography, and excerpts from the press. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*N. Dominique*

## Russian

#### **21G.600 Russian I Intensive (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.650](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.650 "21G.650")\
Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.611](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.611 "21G.611"), [21G.631](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.631 "21G.631")

Intensive version of Russian I offered during the IAP term. Emphasizes the development of communicative and cultural competence, as well as mastery of the foundations of Russian grammar and vocabulary. Using video, internet resources, and varied cultural materials, students work on developing speaking, reading, and writing skills. Conducted in both Russian and English. Designed for students with no knowledge of Russian. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.611 Russian I (Hybrid)**

Subject meets with [21G.631](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.631 "21G.631")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.600](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.600 "21G.600"), [21G.631](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.631 "21G.631"), [21G.650](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.650 "21G.650")

Emphasizes the development of communicative and cultural competence, as well as mastery of the foundations of Russian grammar and vocabulary. Using video, internet resources, and varied cultural materials, students work on developing speaking, reading, and writing skills. Conducted in both Russian and English. Designed for students with no knowledge of Russian. Combines in-person and remote instruction. Limited to 18.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.631 Russian I (Hybrid) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.611](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.611 "21G.611")\
Prereq: None \
G (Fall)\
3-0-9 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.600](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.600 "21G.600"), [21G.611](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.611 "21G.611"), [21G.650](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.650 "21G.650")

Emphasizes the development of communicative and cultural competence, as well as mastery of the foundations of Russian grammar and vocabulary. Using video, internet resources, and varied cultural materials, students work on developing speaking, reading, and writing skills. Conducted in both Russian and English. Designed for students with no knowledge of Russian. Combines in-person and remote instruction. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.650 Russian I Intensive (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.600](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.600 "21G.600")\
Prereq: None \
G (IAP)\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.611](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.611 "21G.611"), [21G.631](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.631 "21G.631")

Intensive version of Russian I offered during the IAP term. Emphasizes the development of communicative and cultural competence, as well as mastery of the foundations of Russian grammar and vocabulary. Using video, internet resources, and varied cultural materials, students work on developing speaking, reading, and writing skills. Conducted in both Russian and English. Designed for students with no knowledge of Russian. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.S61 Special Subject: Russian I**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Experimental version of [21G.611](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.611 "21G.611"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Emphasizes the development of communicative and cultural competence, as well as mastering the foundations of Russian grammar and vocabulary. Conducted in both Russian and English. Designed for students with no knowledge of Russian. Licensed for Fall 2024 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.612 Russian II (Hybrid)**

Subject meets with 21G.632\
Prereq: [21G.611](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.611 "21G.611") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Continuing instruction in Russian language and culture with emphasis on acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Provides exposure to the language via a video program, internet resources, and literary texts that are integrated in grammar instruction and conversation tasks. Combines in-person and remote instruction. Limited to 18.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.S62 Special Subject: Russian II**

Prereq: [21G.611](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.611 "21G.611") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Experimental version of [21G.612](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.612 "21G.612"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Continuing instruction in Russian language and culture with emphasis on acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. Provides exposure to the language via a video program, internet resources, and literary texts that are integrated in grammar instruction and conversation tasks. Licensed for Spring 2024 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.613 Russian III (Hybrid)**

Subject meets with 21G.633\
Prereq: [21G.612](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.612 "21G.612") and permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Continuing instruction in Russian language and culture with emphasis on acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical concepts through active communication. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Develops communicative skills necessary for personal and professional interaction in a Russian-language environment. Provides exposure to the language via films, internet resources, and literary texts that are integrated in grammar instruction and conversation tasks. Combines in-person and remote instruction. Limited to 18.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.S63 Special Subject: Russian III**

Prereq: [21G.612](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.612 "21G.612") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Experimental version of [21G.613](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.613 "21G.613"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Includes comprehensive review and expansion of grammar and vocabulary. Examines adapted and authentic literary texts, media resources, and film. Develops communicative skills necessary for personal and professional interaction in a Russian-language environment. Licensed for Fall 2024 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.614 Russian IV (Hybrid)**

Subject meets with [21G.634](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.634 "21G.634")\
Prereq: [21G.613](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.613 "21G.613") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Includes comprehensive review and expansion of grammar and vocabulary. Examines adapted and authentic literary texts, media resources, and film. Develops communicative skills necessary for personal and professional interaction in a Russian-language environment. Explores culture and traditions of several countries where Russian is spoken as a second language. Combines in-person and remote instruction. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.634 Russian IV (Hybrid) (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.614](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.614 "21G.614")\
Prereq: 21G.633 or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
3-0-9 units

Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Includes comprehensive review and expansion of grammar and vocabulary. Examines adapted and authentic literary texts, media resources, and film. Develops communicative skills necessary for personal and professional interaction in a Russian-language environment. Explores culture and traditions of several countries where Russian is spoken as a second language. Combines in-person and remote instruction. For undergraduate credit, see [21G.614](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.614 "21G.614"). Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.S64 Special Subject: Russian IV**

Prereq: [21G.613](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.613 "21G.613") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Experimental version of [21G.614](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.614 "21G.614"), which offers a combination of in-person and remote instruction. Aims to achieve simultaneous progression of four skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Includes a comprehensive review of grammar with an emphasis on more complex communicative topics in personal and professional contexts. Reading and writing skills developed through study of various topics in Russian culture and society. Uses a variety of authentic literary and non-fiction texts, media resources, and film. Licensed for Spring 2024 by the Committee on Curricula. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.615 Russian V: Russian for STEM**

Prereq: [21G.614](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.614 "21G.614") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores historical contributions of Russian scientists and inventors in a global perspective. Focuses on developing advanced-level reading, speaking, and writing skills through discussing problems in technology and society, such as the history of the space race, development of internet technologies, environmental issues, and the global pandemic. Students participate in class debates and discussions and create a final presentation on a topic of professional interest. Course materials combine articles, book excerpts, films, interviews, and project-based tasks. Taught in Russian. Open to advanced students of Russian and heritage speakers. Limited to 18.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.616 Advanced Russian: Explorations in Russian Culture, Society, and Media**

Prereq: [21G.614](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.614 "21G.614") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Fall)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

Advanced work to further develop oral and written communication skills in Russian. Explores various topics in print and digital media, film, society, and culture focusing on Russian-speaking communities in different countries. Engages students in cross-cultural comparisons and offers an opportunity to interact with native speakers through guest visits and interviews. Focuses on developing higher-level vocabulary, listening, speaking, and writing skills. Taught in Russian. Topics vary term to term. Open to advanced students of Russian and heritage speakers. Limited to 18.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.617 Advanced Russian: Exploration of Regional Cultures Through Art**

Prereq: [21G.614](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.614 "21G.614") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-A

Develops advanced interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational language skill through exploration of various non-Slavic regions of Russia. Examines the legacy of imperialism and political repressions of the Soviet era, and explores the role of music and visual arts in preserving the traditions and cultural heritage of indigenous populations. Introduces historical and contemporary figures in art, music, and literature. Incorporates conversations with artists, scholars, and culture preservation activists. Students select a region for in-depth exploration of visual arts and music and create an interpretive multimedia project to represent its art and culture. Taught in Russian. Enrollment limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Khotimsky*

#### **21G.618 Introduction to the Classics of Russian Literature - Russian Language Option**

Subject meets with [21G.077[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.077J "21G.077[J]"), [21L.490[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.490J "21L.490[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.614](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.614 "21G.614") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-10 units. HASS-H

Explores the works of classical Russian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries, including stories and novels by Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Bunin, Nabokov, Platonov, and others. Focuses on their approaches to portraying self and society, and on literary responses to fundamental ethical and philosophical questions about justice, freedom, free will, fate, love, loyalty, betrayal, and forgiveness.  Taught in English with additional readings and a short writing project in Russian.

*M. Khotimsky*

## Korean

#### **21G.901 Korean I**

Subject meets with [21G.991](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.991 "21G.991")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Introduction to modern standard Korean with emphasis on developing conversational skills by using fundamental grammatical patterns and vocabulary in functional and culturally suitable contexts. Basic reading and writing are also taught. Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.902 Korean II**

Subject meets with [21G.992](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.992 "21G.992")\
Prereq: [21G.901](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.901 "21G.901") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Continuation of [21G.901](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.901 "21G.901"). For full description, see [21G.901](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.901 "21G.901"). Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.903 Korean III**

Subject meets with [21G.993](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.993 "21G.993")\
Prereq: [21G.902](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.902 "21G.902") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Continuing instruction in spoken and written Korean, with particular emphasis on consolidating basic conversational skills and improving reading confidence and depth. Lab work required. Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.904 Korean IV**

Subject meets with [21G.994](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.994 "21G.994")\
Prereq: [21G.903](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.903 "21G.903") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Continuation of [21G.903](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.903 "21G.903"). For full description, see [21G.903](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.903 "21G.903"). Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.905 Korean V**

Prereq: [21G.904](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.904 "21G.904") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Designed to improve students' skills in listening, reading, speaking, and writing in Korean. Explores various topics such as Korean contemporary culture, traditional holidays, humor, history, cultural heritage, daily life, and other related subjects. Students compare, in writing and speaking, the Korean context with their own backgrounds. Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Conducted entirely in Korean. Limited to 16 per section.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.906 Korean VI**

Prereq: [21G.905](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.905 "21G.905") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Enables students to understand current social trends in Korea and to develop cross-cultural insights by comparing Korean society with the students' own societies. Students deal more extensively with a variety of topics, such as Korean proverbs, traditional and contemporary lifestyles of Korean people, contemporary pop culture, and other related topics, in order to gain greater knowledge of Korean culture and a deeper awareness of the role that culture and social behavior play in effective communication. Enables development of a high level of fluency and accuracy in students' linguistic/pragmatic competence and performance. Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Conducted entirely in Korean. Limited to 16 per section.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.991 Korean I (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.901](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.901 "21G.901")\
Prereq: None \
G (Fall, IAP)\
4-0-8 units

Introduction to modern standard Korean with emphasis on developing conversational skills by using fundamental grammatical patterns and vocabulary in functional and culturally suitable contexts. Basic reading and writing are also taught. Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Same as [21G.901](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.901 "21G.901") but for graduate credit. Limited to 16 per section for pedagogical reasons.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.992 Korean II (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.902](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.902 "21G.902")\
Prereq: [21G.991](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.991 "21G.991") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Continuation of [21G.991](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.991 "21G.991"). For full description, see [21G.902](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.902 "21G.902"). Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section. No listeners.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.993 Korean III (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.903](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.903 "21G.903")\
Prereq: [21G.992](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.992 "21G.992") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall)\
4-0-8 units

Continuing instruction in spoken and written Korean, with particular emphasis on consolidating basic conversational skills and improving reading confidence and depth. Lab work required. Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Same as [21G.903](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.903 "21G.903") but for graduate credit. Limited to 16 per section for pedagogical reasons.

*H. Jeong*

#### **21G.994 Korean IV (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.904](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.904 "21G.904")\
Prereq: [21G.993](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.993 "21G.993") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Continuation of [21G.993](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.993 "21G.993"). For full description, see [21G.904](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.904 "21G.904"). Placement interview with instructors on or before Registration Day required of students who have had prior exposure to Korean elsewhere. Limited to 16 per section for pedagogical reasons.

*H. Jeong*

## Arabic

#### **21G.951 Arabic I**

Subject meets with [21G.955](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.955 "21G.955")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Introduces students to the fundamentals of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) using an integrated approach to develop skills in formal and colloquial Arabic and establish basic proficiency. With an overview of basic phonemes, vocabulary, grammatical structures, and the Arabic writing system, provides opportunities to practice the four skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Introduces students to some of the diverse cultures of the Arabic-speaking world, in order to develop intercultural, communicative, and linguistic competencies. Limited to 18.

*Staff*

#### **21G.952 Arabic II**

Subject meets with [21G.956](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.956 "21G.956")\
Prereq: [21G.951](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.951 "21G.951") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Enables students to continue developing skills in basic Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) using an integrated approach to develop skills in formal and colloquial Arabic. Provides opportunities to practice the four skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking to develop proficiency. Extends student knowledge of some of the diverse cultures of the Arabic-speaking world in order to develop intercultural, communicative, and linguistic competencies. Limited to 18.

*Staff*

#### **21G.953 Arabic III**

Subject meets with [21G.957](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.957 "21G.957")\
Prereq: [21G.952](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.952 "21G.952") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Continues to develop speaking, listening, reading, and writing in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Expands formal, informal vocabulary, and expressions via class discussions and course materials. Assignments and activities focus on building communicative abilities in real life situations through literature, science, media, art, global social issues, and environmental studies. Students use authentic materials to enhance negotiation, reasoning, explaining, describing, and expressing opinions in Arabic. Students present one individual and one group project. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Bruce*

#### **21G.955 Arabic I (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.951](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.951 "21G.951")\
Prereq: None \
G (Fall, IAP)\
4-0-8 units

Introduces students to the fundamentals of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) using an integrated approach to develop skills in formal and colloquial Arabic and establish basic proficiency. For a full description, see [21G.951](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.951 "21G.951"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.951](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.951 "21G.951"). Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Bruce*

#### **21G.956 Arabic II (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.952](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.952 "21G.952")\
Prereq: [21G.951](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.951 "21G.951") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Enables students to continue developing skills in basic Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) using an integrated approach to develop skills in formal and colloquial Arabic. For a full description, see [21G.952](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.952 "21G.952"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.952](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.952 "21G.952"). Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Bruce*

#### **21G.957 Arabic III (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.953](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.953 "21G.953")\
Prereq: [21G.956](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.956 "21G.956") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall)\
4-0-8 units

Continues to develop speaking, listening, reading, and writing in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). For a full description, see [21G.953](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.953 "21G.953"). For undergraduate credit see [21G.953](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.953 "21G.953"). Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. Bruce*

## Spanish

*The subjects below are taught in Spanish and include offerings in language, literature, and cultural studies.\
\
The indication of prerequisites for specific Spanish offerings does not apply to students who have already completed equivalent work. For further placement advice, consult one of the field advisors in Spanish.*

### Fundamental Language Subjects

#### **21G.701 Spanish I**

Subject meets with [21G.751](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.751 "21G.751")\
Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP, Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

For students with no previous knowledge of Spanish. Introduction to understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Spanish. Maximal use of fundamentals of grammar in active communication. Audio- and video-based language laboratory program coordinated with and supplemented to class work. For graduate credit see [21G.751](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.751 "21G.751"). Limited to 18 per section.

*Consult J. Barroso*

#### **21G.702 Spanish II**

Subject meets with [21G.752](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.752 "21G.752")\
Prereq: [21G.701](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.701 "21G.701") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.700 "21G.700"), [21G.752](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.752 "21G.752"), [21G.770](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.770 "21G.770")

Continues the study of Spanish language and culture using audio, video and print materials, feature films and popular music from Latin America and Spain. Emphasizes writing, vocabulary acquisition, and the study of more complex grammatical structures. Students develop oral skills through group interaction and short presentations. For graduate credit see [21G.752](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.752 "21G.752"). Limited to 18 per section.

*Consult M. San Martin*

#### **21G.700 Introductory Spanish for Heritage Learners**

Subject meets with [21G.770](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.770 "21G.770")\
Prereq: Permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.702](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.702 "21G.702"), [21G.752](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.752 "21G.752")

Designed for students who have had previous contact with the language, commonly from interactions with their parents or guardians, and who have some degree of speaking and listening skills. Offers an intensive introduction and review of fundamental grammatical and orthographic forms, with an emphasis on those that can be challenging to Heritage Learners. Provides a space for students to validate their bilingual skills and develop their confidence when using Spanish. Limited to 18; placement interview required.

*J. Barroso*

#### **21G.703 Spanish III**

Subject meets with [21G.753](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.753 "21G.753")\
Prereq: [21G.702](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.702 "21G.702") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Aims at consolidation and expansion of skills in listening comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Uses short stories and other readings, films, music, and Web projects (including a multimedia exchange with students in Spain) to study issues of historical and current interest in Hispanic culture. Limited to 18 per section.

*Consult A. Yáñez Rodríguez*

#### **21G.704 Spanish IV**

Subject meets with [21G.754](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.754 "21G.754")\
Prereq: [21G.703](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.703 "21G.703") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Continued study of the language, literature, and culture of Spanish-speaking countries to improve oral and written communication. Materials include contemporary Spanish and Latin American films, literary texts (short stories, poetry and a novel), online video interviews with a variety of Spanish-speakers and other Web resources. Limited to 18 per section.

*Consult A. Yáñez Rodríguez*

#### **21G.706 Spanish for Medicine and Health**

Subject meets with [21G.756](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.756 "21G.756")\
Prereq: [21G.703](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.703 "21G.703") \
U (Spring)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H

Develops the linguistic skills needed and builds specialized medical terminology to effectively communicate with, assess and care for Spanish-speaking patients in clinical settings. Develops cross-cultural competence and awareness by considering relevant cultural differences and their impact on the doctor-patient relationship. Also discusses major health issues that affect Latinx communities in the United States. Offers extensive practice in listening, speaking, reading and writing using authentic materials (news articles, public health information sites, videos, etc.) and communicative activities (group work, simulations, debates, oral presentations) to develop the proficiency needed to pursue further language study at the advanced level. Limited to 18.

*M. San Martin*

#### **21G.708 Spanish: Communication Intensive I**

Prereq: None. *Coreq: [21G.735](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.735 "21G.735"), [21L.636[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.636 "21L.636[J]"), [21L.637[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.637 "21L.637[J]"), [21L.638[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.638 "21L.638[J]"), [21L.639[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.639 "21L.639[J]"), [21L.640[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.640 "21L.640[J]"), or [CMS.357[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.357 "CMS.357[J]")*; permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-0-0 units

Intensive tutorial in writing and speaking for majors. Provides students with enhanced linguistic and cultural fluency for academic or real-world purposes. Conducted entirely in Spanish. Preference to Spanish majors.

*M. Resnick*

#### **21G.709 Spanish: Communication Intensive II**

Prereq: [21G.708](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.708 "21G.708"); *Coreq: [21G.735](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.735 "21G.735"), [21L.636[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.636 "21L.636[J]"), [21L.637[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.637 "21L.637[J]"), [21L.638[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.638 "21L.638[J]"), [21L.639[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.639 "21L.639[J]"), [21L.640[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.640 "21L.640[J]"), or [CMS.357[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.357 "CMS.357[J]")*; permission of instructor \
U (Fall, Spring)\
3-0-0 units

Intensive tutorial in writing and speaking for majors. Provides students with enhanced linguistic and cultural fluency for academic or real-world purposes. Conducted entirely in Spanish. Preference to Spanish majors.

*M. Resnick*

### Intermediate Subjects in Language, Literature, and Culture

*Native speakers of Spanish who have studied Hispanic literature at a high-school level must obtain permission from the instructor to enroll in any of these subjects.*

#### **21G.707 Graphic Stories: Spanish and Latin American Comics**

Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Fosters development of spoken and written skills to improve fluency and style in Spanish while exploring graphic novels, comics, or sequential art, of the Spanish-Speaking world (Mexico, Puerto Rico, Argentina, Chile, Spain, and the USA). Special attention given to: autobiographical memory, gender identity, multiculturalism, transatlantic crossings, and science fiction. Small group work, class discussions, debates, and games will be used in order to expand students' vocabulary in a wide range of topics, as well as to improve command of the more problematic grammatical structures in Spanish. Taught in Spanish. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*A. Yáñez Rodríguez*

#### **21G.710 Advanced Communication in Spanish: Topics in Language and Culture**

Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

Advanced work to further develop oral and written skills in Spanish. Emphasizes communicative tasks and the consolidation of grammatical structures. Discussion, oral presentations, essay writing and group projects improve proficiency and prepare students to pursue advanced subjects and/or professional activities in a Spanish-speaking environment. Topics vary from term to term. Taught in Spanish. Limited to 18.

*A. Yáñez Rodríguez*

#### **21G.711 Advanced Spanish Conversation and Composition: Perspectives on Technology and Culture**

Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Develops language proficiency through the discussion of the social and cultural impact of science and technology on Hispanic societies. Topics considered are: how STEM innovations affect and benefit communities, relationships, education, work-life, and the environment; ethical implications of technological decision-making; and the role technology plays in art, literature, and film. Improves oral and writing skills working with journalistic and literary selections, films, videos, and guided essays offering diverse perspectives. Taught in Spanish. Enrollment limited.

*H. Belio-Apaolaza*

#### **21G.712 Spanish Conversation and Composition**

Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Further development of spoken and written skills to improve fluency and style. Oral reports by participants on individual topics and group Web-based and video projects. Analyses of selected literary texts, films and popular music. Taught in Spanish. Enrollment limited.

*Staff*

#### **21G.713 Spanish through Film: Mexico, Chile, Argentina, and Spain**

Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Aims to increase oral and written communication, grammar, and vocabulary usage in Spanish while exploring a number of contemporary Hispanic films. Covers major films from Mexico, Chile, Argentina, and Spain. Discussion, oral presentations, essay writing and group projects improve proficiency and prepare students to pursue advanced subjects and/or professional activities in a Spanish-speaking environment. Taught in Spanish. Limited to 18.

*A. Yáñez Rodríguez*

#### **21G.714 Spanish for Heritage Learners**

Prereq: Fluency in a Spanish dialect or permission of instructor \
U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Designed for students who have conversational skills (typically gained from growing up in a Spanish speaking environment) without a corresponding level of literacy. Builds upon students' existing linguistic and cultural knowledge to develop competence and confidence in using the language in more formal contexts. Examines a variety of texts and genres, music, films and visual arts, in order to enrich vocabulary, improve grammatical accuracy, and gain a greater social, cultural, political, and historical understanding of the Spanish-speaking world. Taught in Spanish. Limited to 18.

*J. Barroso*

#### **21G.715 Topics in Medicine and Public Health in the Hispanic World**

Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Strengthens oral and written communication skills in Spanish by examining current topics in medicine and public health. Explores medical and health challenges in various Hispanic nations and among Spanish-speaking communities in the US. Topics include cultural narratives of illness, bioethical considerations of genetic research, women's reproductive rights, Cuba's export of healthcare workers, the ethical implications of medical decision-making, and euthanasia. Draws on sources from the humanities, social sciences and the arts that incorporate diverse perspectives on these issues. Focuses on the use of language in the construction of cultural metaphors and representations of illness and healing. Taught in Spanish. Limited to 18.

*M. San Martín*

### Advanced Subjects in Literature and Culture

#### **21G.716[J] Introduction to Contemporary Hispanic Literature and Film**

Same subject as [21L.636[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.636J "21L.636[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in Spanish or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.636[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.636J "21L.636[J]").

*M. Resnick*

#### **21G.717[J] Power and Culture: Utopias and Dystopias in Spain and Latin America**

Same subject as [21L.637[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.637J "21L.637[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in Spanish or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.637[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.637J "21L.637[J]"). Limited to 18.

*M. Resnick*

#### **21G.731[J] Creation of a Continent: Media Representations of Hispanic America, 1492 to present**

Same subject as [21H.274[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.274J "21H.274[J]"), [CMS.357[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.357J "CMS.357[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate Spanish subject or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [CMS.357[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.357J "CMS.357[J]").

*P. Duong*

#### **21G.735 Advanced Topics in Hispanic Literature and Film**

Prereq: One intermediate Spanish subject or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
4-0-8 units. HASS-H\
Can be repeated for credit.

Close study of a theme, a grouping of authors, or a historical period not covered in depth in other subjects. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. Taught in Spanish. Limited to 18.

*P. Duong*

#### **21G.736[J] The Short Form: Literature and New Media Cultures in the Hispanic World**

Same subject as [21L.437[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.437J "21L.437[J]"), [CMS.358[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.358J "CMS.358[J]"), [WGS.210[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=WGS.210J "WGS.210[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in Spanish or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [CMS.358[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=CMS.358J "CMS.358[J]"). Limited to 18.

*P. Duong*

#### **21G.738[J] Literature and Social Conflict: Perspectives on Spain**

Same subject as [21L.638[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.638J "21L.638[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in Spanish or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.638[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.638J "21L.638[J]").

*M. Resnick*

#### **21G.739[J] Globalization and its Discontents: Spanish-speaking Nations**

Same subject as [21L.639[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.639J "21L.639[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in Spanish or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.639[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.639J "21L.639[J]").

*M. Resnick*

#### **21G.740[J] The New Spain: 1977-Present**

Same subject as [21L.640[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.640J "21L.640[J]")\
Prereq: One intermediate subject in Spanish or permission of instructor \
U (Fall)\
3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject [21L.640[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21L.640J "21L.640[J]").

*M. Resnick*

#### **21G.784 Introduction to Latin American Studies**

Subject meets with [17.55[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=17.55J "17.55[J]"), [21A.130[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21A.130J "21A.130[J]"), [21G.084[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.084J "21G.084[J]"), [21H.170[J]](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21H.170J "21H.170[J]")\
Prereq: [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704") or permission of instructor \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Fall)\
3-0-10 units. HASS-S; CI-H

Examines contemporary Latin American culture, politics, and history. Surveys geography, economic development, and race, religion, and gender in Latin America. Special emphasis on the Salvadoran civil war, human rights and military rule in Argentina and Chile, and migration from Central America and Mexico to the United States. Students analyze films, literature, visual art, journalism, historical documents, and social scientific research. Taught in English with a project that requires research and writing in Spanish.

*T. Padilla*

### Graduate Language Subjects

#### **21G.751 Spanish I**

Subject meets with [21G.701](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.701 "21G.701")\
Prereq: None \
G (Fall, IAP, Spring)\
4-0-8 units

For students with no previous knowledge of Spanish. Introduction to understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Spanish. Maximal use of fundamentals of grammar in active communication. Audio- and video-based language laboratory program coordinated with and supplementary to class work. Same as [21G.701](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.701 "21G.701"), but for graduate credit. Limited to 18 per section.

*Consult J. Barroso*

#### **21G.752 Spanish II**

Subject meets with [21G.702](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.702 "21G.702")\
Prereq: [21G.751](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.751 "21G.751") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.700 "21G.700"), [21G.702](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.702 "21G.702"), [21G.770](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.770 "21G.770")

Introductory subject that continues the study of Spanish language and culture using audio, video and print materials, feature films and popular music from Latin America and Spain. Emphasizes writing, vocabulary acquisition, and the study of more complex grammatical structures. Group interaction and short oral presentations develop students' oral skills. Limited to 18 per section.

*Consult M. San Martin*

#### **21G.753 Spanish III (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.703](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.703 "21G.703")\
Prereq: [21G.752](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.752 "21G.752") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Aims at consolidation and expansion of skills in listening comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Uses short stories and other readings, films, music, and Web projects (including a multimedia exchange with students in Spain) to study issues of historical and current interest in Hispanic culture. Same as [21G.703](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.703 "21G.703"), but for graduate credit. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*A. Yáñez Rodríguez*

#### **21G.754 Spanish IV (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704")\
Prereq: [21G.753](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.753 "21G.753") or permission of instructor \
G (Fall, Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Continued study of the language, literature, and culture of Spanish-speaking countries to improve oral and written communication. Materials include contemporary Spanish and Latin American films, literary texts (short stories, poetry and a novel), online video interviews with a variety of Spanish-speakers and other Web resources. Same as [21G.704](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.704 "21G.704"), but for graduate credit. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*A. Yáñez Rodríguez*

#### **21G.756 Spanish for Medicine and Health (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.706](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.706 "21G.706")\
Prereq: [21G.753](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.753 "21G.753") or permission of instructor \
G (Spring)\
4-0-8 units

Develops the linguistic skills needed and builds specialized medical terminology to effectively communicate with, assess, and care for Spanish-speaking patients in clinical settings. Develops cross-cultural competence and awareness by considering relevant cultural differences and their impact on the doctor-patient relationship. Also discusses major health issues that affect Latinx communities in the United States. Offers extensive practice in listening, speaking, reading, and writing using authentic materials (news articles, public health information sites, videos, etc.) and communicative activities (group work, simulations, debates, oral presentations) to develop the proficiency needed to pursue further language study at the advanced level. Same as [21G.706](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.706 "21G.706"), but for graduate credit. Limited to 18 for pedagogical reasons.

*M. San Martin*

#### **21G.770 Introductory Spanish for Heritage Learners (New)**

Subject meets with [21G.700](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.700 "21G.700")\
Prereq: None \
G (Fall)\
4-0-8 units\
Credit cannot also be received for [21G.702](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.702 "21G.702"), [21G.752](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.752 "21G.752")

Designed for students who have had previous contact with the language, commonly from interactions with their parents or guardians, and who have some degree of speaking and listening skills. Offers an intensive introduction and review of fundamental grammatical and orthographic forms, with an emphasis on those that can be challenging to Heritage Learners. Provides a space for students to validate their bilingual skills and develop their confidence when using Spanish. Limited to 18; placement interview required.

*J. Barroso*

## Independent Study and Special Subjects

#### **21G.911 Independent Study**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP, Spring)\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Advanced work in languages and literatures for students wishing to pursue topics or projects not provided by regular subject offerings. Before registering, student must plan course of study with appropriate instructor in the section and secure the approval of the Section Head. Normal maximum is 6 units.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.S01 Special Subject: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: U (Spring)\
Acad Year 2026-2027: Not offered\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for undergraduate study of subject matter that is not covered in the regular curriculum.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.S02 Special Subject: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for undergraduate study of subject matter that is not covered in the regular curriculum.

*Staff*

#### **21G.S03 Special Subject: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: None \
Acad Year 2025-2026: Not offered\
Acad Year 2026-2027: U (Spring)\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for undergraduate study of subject matter that is not covered in the regular curriculum.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.S04 Special Subject: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for undergraduate study of subject matter that is not covered in the regular curriculum.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.S05 Special Subject: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for undergraduate study of subject matter that is not covered in the regular curriculum.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.S06 Special Subject: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: None \
U (Spring)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for undergraduate study of subject matter that is not covered in the regular curriculum.

*F. Heberer*

#### **21G.S07 Special Subject: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for undergraduate study of subject matter that is not covered in the regular curriculum.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.S08 Special Subject: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: None \
U (IAP)\
Not offered regularly; consult department\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for undergraduate study of subject matter that is not covered in the regular curriculum.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.THT Pre-Thesis Tutorial: Global Studies and Languages**

Prereq: Permission of instructor \
U (Fall, IAP, Spring)\
1-0-5 units\
Can be repeated for credit.

Definition of and early-stage work on thesis project leading to [21G.THU](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.THU "21G.THU") Undergraduate Thesis in Global Studies and Languages. Taken during the first term of the student's two-term commitment to the thesis project. Student works closely with an individual faculty tutor.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.THU Global Studies and Languages Thesis**

Prereq: [21G.THT](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.THT "21G.THT") \
U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit.

Completion of work on the senior major thesis under supervision of a faculty thesis advisor. Includes oral presentation of thesis progress early in the term, assembling and revising the final text, and a final meeting with a committee of faculty evaluators to discuss the successes and limitations of the project.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.UR Undergraduate Research**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)\
Units arranged [P/D/F]\
Can be repeated for credit. Credit cannot also be received for [21G.URG](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.URG "21G.URG")

Individual participation in an ongoing research project. For students in the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*

#### **21G.URG Undergraduate Research**

Prereq: None \
U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)\
Units arranged\
Can be repeated for credit. Credit cannot also be received for [21G.UR](https://catalog.mit.edu/search/?P=21G.UR "21G.UR")

Individual participation in an ongoing research project. For students in the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program.

*Consult Global Studies and Languages Headquarters*