Public International Law MRes

Source: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/coursefinder/courses/public-international-law-mres/ Parent: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/postgraduate/programmes/index.html

Part of: Law

The MRes in Public International Law is a pre-doctoral training programme designed to provide a critical, research-led approach to the study of the governance of the world economy, together with training in the key research skills appropriate for doctoral-level study.

• Undertake a suite of substantive modules offered in conjunction with the Public International Law LLM programme
• This MRes is an approved pathway for ESRC funding, enabling students to apply for ESRC 1+3 funding to cover the MRes and a PhD
• Successful MRes graduates can apply subsequently for ESRC +3 funding
• Your fellow students will come from the UK and more than 80 other countries, each able to draw on prior academic and professional experience from different jurisdictions

Study options

• Full-timeSeptember 2026 | 1 year

Starting in : September 2026

Location : Lincoln's Inn Fields

Fees : Home: TBC\ Overseas: TBC

Apply nowRegister your interest

See our application guidance

What you'll study

The MRes is ideal if you are planning to undertake doctoral-level study in the area of public international law. However, it also caters for those seeking to expand and apply their knowledge of this area of study, and is an ideal preparation for those wishing to pursue more advanced research.

You will undertake two compulsory modules in social science research, covering epistemology, research design, and qualitative methods as well as quantitative methods and data. You will then select from a substantial list of existing elective modules developed for the LLM in Public International Law. Please note that not all modules will be available in any given year.

Your core modules are taught jointly with social science students from a range of disciplines across Queen Mary, King’s College London and Imperial College. This training is offered by the ESRC-funded London Interdisciplinary Social Science Doctoral Training Partnership.

You will also have voluntary access to an excellent series of lectures in Critical Thinking and Writing in Law to help you to improve your writing and research in law skills.

Structure

• Two compulsory modules.
• Three to six elective modules.
• Compulsory 10,000-word dissertation.

Modules

View the full list of modules available on this programme.

Assessment

• 83% Modules

• 17% Dissertation

• You will typically be assessed through a combination of coursework and final examinations

• There is a considerable variation across modules, although some are wholly examined by coursework
• You will undertake more self-directed work in completing your dissertation

FAQs

Read our .

Teaching

You will be taught with a mixture of formal lectures and small group seminars. The seminars are designed to generate informed discussion around set topics, and may involve student presentations and group exercises as well as open discussion.

You will have a team of advisers to support you, including the Research Directors, your dissertation supervisor and tutors and your module convenors.

[### Professor Malgosia Fitzmaurice

Professor of Public International Law

LLM PhD (Warsaw)

Professor Fitzmaurice specialises in international environmental law; the law of treaties; and indigenous peoples. Her latest publications is (co-edited with Dai Tamada) Whaling in Antarctic: Significance and Implications of the ICJ Judgment, Brill/ Nijhoff, 2016. She is Editor in Chief of International Community Law Review journal. She was involved in a multi stakeholder project funded by the EU Commission on environmental crime.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/people/academic-staff/items/fitzmaurice.html)

[### Professor Johanna Gibson

Herchel Smith Professor of Intellectual Property Law

BA (Hons I), MA, PGDipAppSci, JD (Queensland), PhD (Edinburgh), Solicitor and Barrister to the Supreme Court of Victoria

Professor Johanna Gibson is a solicitor and barrister to the Supreme Court of Victoria. She has consulted widely to industry, government, NGOs and practitioners, and has been a visiting professor to institutions around the world. She has published extensively in the fields of intellectual property, critical theory, and animal studies.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/gibson.html)

[### Professor Neve Gordon

Professor of International Law and Human Rights

Neve Gordon is a professor of human rights law at Queen Mary University of London and a Fellow of the British Academy for the Social Sciences. His first book, Israel’s Occupation , provided a structural history of Israel’s mechanisms of control in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. His second book, The Human Right to Dominate was written with Nicola Perugini and examines how human rights, which are generally conceived as tools for advancing emancipation, can also be used to enhance subjugation and dispossession.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/people/academic-staff/items/gordon.html)

[### Julia Hörnle

Professor of Internet Law

LLB (Leeds), PhD (London), Solicitor, MCIArb

Professor Hörnle is an expert in internet law. Her research interests includeregulatory issues, consumer protection, jurisdiction and online dispute resolution. She is Director of taught programmes at Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS).](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/hornle.html)

[### Professor Rosa María Lastra

Sir John Lubbock Chair in Banking Law

Professor Lastra’s research concerns financial law and regulation, central banking, international banking, international monetary law, law reform in emerging economies, law and economics, EU financial law, commercial law, banking law, sovereign debt, international economic law and bank resolution.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/lastra.html)

[### Dr Antigoni Lykotrafiti

Senior Lecturer in Transport, Energy and the Law

Dr Lykotrafiti worked for the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on transport policy issues. She has been a Jean Monnet postdoctoral fellow at the European University Institute, a practitioner within a leading law firm and a stagiaire at the European Commission.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/lykotrafiti.html)

[### Professor Violeta Moreno-Lax

Professor of Law

LLB/LLM (Murcia); MA (College of Europe); PGCert (ULB); PhD (Louvain); PGCAP (Queen Mary); FHEA

Dr Moreno-Lax is founder of SAROBMED: The Search and Rescue Observatory for the Mediterranean, and sits on a number of boards, including as co-chair of The Refugee Law Observatory. She has held various teaching positions, including at the University of Oxford, and published widely.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/people/academic-staff/items/morenolax.html)

[### Dr Tibisay Morgandi

Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in International Energy and Natural Resources Law

Dr Morgandi previously worked as an associate in the Public International Law Practice and in the International Arbitration Group at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP (Paris). In 2016, she was a Swiss National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Cambridge.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/tmorgandi.html)

[### Dr Eva Nanopoulos

Reader in Law

Eva Nanopoulos joined Queen Mary in September 2016 as a Lecturer in Law. Her research interests span across EU law, international law, human rights and critical legal theory. Her more recent work looked at the individualisation of economic sanctions and the systemic causes of the Euro-crisis and the wider European project. She has also started a new project on how the law frames and understands the problem of the far-right.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/people/academic-staff/items/nanopoulos.html)

[### Dr Andrew Pitt

Lecturer

PhD (QMUL), MSc (LSE) , LLB and BA (University of Melbourne)

Dr Andrew Pitt is a Lecturer in Law and Director of the Public International Law LLM at Queen Mary University of London. His research has focuses on immigration detention in the UK context and examined the role of human rights and the rule of law in legal challenges to policy. He currently lectures on Terrorism, Human Rights and Migration. Andrew is admitted to the Supreme Court of New South Wales and previously worked as a judicial associate at the Federal Circuit Court of Australia.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/people/academic-staff/items/pitt.html)

[### Dr Hedi Viterbo

Reader in Law

Dr Hedi Viterbo is Reader in Law at Queen Mary University of London, as well as the founding director of the Childhood, Law & Policy Network (CLPN). His research examines legal issues concerning childhood, state violence, and sexuality from an interdisciplinary and global perspective.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/people/academic-staff/items/viterbo.html)

Where you'll learn

Facilities

• The Postgraduate School of Law Centre in Lincoln's Inn Fields and the Graduate Centre at Mile End
• Queen Mary’s excellent Law Library and European Documentation Centre
• Free access to online databases and collections including: LexisNexis, Westlaw, Justis, Eur-lex, Hein-Online and many more
• Access to the University of London’s Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (IALS) and the Library at Senate House

Campus

Teaching is primarily based at the School of Law's Mile End campus. Being one of the largest self-contained residential campuses in London, the Mile End campus houses the University's library and is located on the doorstep of London’s legal district. Our academics and students interact with leading legal professionals, many of whom regularly teach and take part in our seminars and conferences.

Depending on the modules you choose, you may also have classes at Lincoln's Inn Field or at one of the Queen Mary central campus locations (Charterhouse Square or West Smithfield).

About the School

The School of Law

The School of Law is part of Queen Mary University of London, a member of both the University of London and the Russell Group. The School was ranked 7th in the UK and 32nd in the world by QS World University Rankings by Subject 2023, and 10th in the UK and 50th in world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 by subject.

The School of Law has consistently been ranked in the top 10 law schools in the UK for the quality of our research and teaching, and many of our internationally recognised staff act as advisers to governments, industry and NGOs, both nationally and internationally.

The School's central focus is on the role of law and its institutions in contemporary international society. The School of Law is divided into two organisational units: the Department of Law and the Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS). The School of Law hosts the largest and most diverse LLM programme in the UK.

Contact us

School of Law

• Tel: +44 (0)20 7882 8223
• Contact us

Career paths

The MRes is designed specifically for students who wish to go onto doctoral-level or further research.

We have dedicated law careers advisers who organise events and internship opportunities with top UK and international law firms.

Fees and funding

Full-time study

September 2026 | 1 year

• Home: TBC
• Overseas: TBC

Unconditional deposit

Home: Not applicable\

Overseas: £2000\ Information about deposits

Queen Mary alumni can get a £1000, 10% or 20% discount on their fees depending on the programme of study. Find out more about the Alumni Loyalty Awards

Funding

There are a number of ways you can fund your postgraduate degree.

School of Law scholarships

The School of Law offers a range of scholarships for Law Masters programmes each year. Full details are made available on the law funding page from October – November each year.

Other sources of funding

• Scholarships and bursaries
• Postgraduate loans (UK students)
• Country-specific scholarships for international students

Our Advice and Counselling service offers specialist support on financial issues, which you can access as soon as you apply for a place at Queen Mary. Before you apply, you can access our funding guides and advice on managing your money:

• Advice for UK and EU students
• Advice for international students

Entry requirements

UK

Degree requirements

A 2:1 or above at undergraduate level in Law.

Additional information

In addition to the other mandatory supporting application documents, applicants must submit the following documentation:

• two letters of reference, at least one of which must be an academic reference from a staff member who taught you on your most recent course of study (normally your undergraduate degree in Law or a Law-related subject)
• a research proposal of between 2,000 to 3,000-words. It should identify the question that you will attempt to answer through your research (simply identifying general topic areas or subjects is not sufficient). You should also set out your research methodology (empirical, qualitative, library based etc,) and provide a bibliography of the works that you consulted in formulating your research question.

Find out more about how to apply for our postgraduate taught courses.

International

Country of QualificationSelect a countryAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaChileChinaColombiaCongo, Dem. Rep. ofCongo, Rep. ofCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEritreaEstoniaEswatiniEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuyanaHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyCote D’ivoire (Ivory Coast)JamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKosovoKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacauMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaltaMauritiusMexicoMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalestine, State ofPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussiaRwandaSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainSri LankaSudanSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkish Republic of Northern CyprusTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited States of AmericaUruguayUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Afghanistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Master Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 \ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 \ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Albania\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 \ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Algeria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Diplome de [subject area]; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures; Diplome de Docteur end Pharmacie; or Diplome de Docteur en Medecine from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Angola\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grau de Licenciado/a (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 17 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 15 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 13 out of 20

Argentina\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo/ Grado de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Armenia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 87 out of 100\ UK 2:1 degree: 75 out of 100\ UK 2:2 degree: 61 out of 100

Australia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: High Distinction; or First Class with Honours \ UK 2:1 degree: Distinction; or Upper Second Class with Honours \ UK 2:2 degree: Credit; or Lower Second Class with Honours

Austria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 1.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 2.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5.0

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 5 is the lowest.

Azerbaijan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or GPA 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or GPA 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA 3.5 out of 5

Bahamas\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Bahrain\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 90 out of 100\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or 80 out of 100\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.3 out of 4.0; or 74 out of 100

Bangladesh\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.2 to 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.3 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.3 to 2.7 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide.

Barbados\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from the University of West Indies, Cave Hill or Barbados Community College. \ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours*; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0**\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours*; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0**\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours*; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0**

*relates to: the University of West Indies, Cave Hill.

**relates to: Barbados Community College.

Belarus\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10; or 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 5 out of 10; or 3.5 out of 5

Belgium\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: 80% or 16/20*; or 78%**\ UK 2:1 degree: 70% or 14/20*; or 72%**\ UK 2:2 degree: 60% or 12/20*; or 65%**

*Flanders (Dutch-speaking)/ Wallonia (French-speaking)\ **German-speaking

Belize\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours \ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours \ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Benin\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maitrise or Masters from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Bolivia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Bachiller Universitario or Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%* or 80%**\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%* or 70%**\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%* or 60%**

*relates to: Titulo de Bachiller Universitario

**relates to: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area]

Bosnia and Herzegovina\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Botswana\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 5 years) or Master Degree from the University of Botswana.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Brazil\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Título de Bacharel / Título de [subject area] or Título de Licenciado/a (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.25 out of 10 \ UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 \ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

The above grades assumes that the grading scale has a pass mark of 5.

Brunei\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours \ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours \ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Bulgaria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 5.75 out of 6.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.75 out of 6.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 4.0 out of 6.0

Burundi\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or 12 out of 20

Cambodia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 3.5 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or GPA 2.35 out of 4.0

Cameroon\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; Licence; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures de Commerce; Diplome d'Ingenieur de Conception/ Travaux; Doctorat en Medecine/ Pharmacie; or Maitrise or Master 1 from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Canada\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Chile\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grado de Licenciado en [subject area] or Titulo (Professional) de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 6.5 out of 7\ UK 2:1 degree: 5.5 out of 7\ UK 2:2 degree: 5 out of 7

China\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85 to 95% \ UK 2:1 degree: 70 to 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 65 to 75%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Colombia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado en [subject area] or Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.60 out of 5.00\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.00 out of 5.00\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.50 out of 5.00

Congo, Dem. Rep. of\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies or Diplome d'Etudes Speciales from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20; or 90%\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20; or 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20; or 70%

Congo, Rep. of\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Superieures or Maitrise from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Costa Rica\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachiller or Licenciado from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Croatia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education Level VII/1 (Diploma - Visoko obrazovanje) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3 out of 5

Cuba\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Arquitecto/ Doctor/ Ingeniero from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Cyprus\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.0 out of 10; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Czech Republic\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 1.2 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: 1.5 out of 4\ UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 4

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 4 is the lowest.

Denmark\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 12 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 11 out of 13 (before 2007)\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 8 out of 13 (before 2007)\ UK 2:2 degree: 4 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 7 out of 13 (before 2007)

Dominican Republic\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 95/100\ UK 2:1 degree: 85/100\ UK 2:2 degree: 78/100

Ecuador\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 9/10; or 19/20; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 8/10; or 18/20; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or 7/10; or 14/20; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Egypt\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%; or GPA 2.5 out of 4

El Salvador\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 5 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Eritrea\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Estonia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; University Specialist's Diploma; or Professional Higher Education Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 3.5 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 2 out of 5

The above grades assumes that 1 is the pass mark.

Eswatini\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Ethiopia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 \ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Fiji\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from one of the following institutions: Fiji National University, the University of Fiji, or the University of South Pacific, Fiji.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.0 out of 5.0*; or overall grade A with High Distinction pass**; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.5***\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.33 out of 5.0*; or overall grade B with Credit pass**; or GPA 3.5 out of 4.5***\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.33 out of 5.0*; or overall grade S (Satisfactory)**; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.5***

*relates to Fiji National University

**relate to the University of Fiji

***relates to the University of South Pacific, Fiji

Finland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree/ Kandidaatti/ Kandidat (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution; or Bachelor degree (Ammattikorkeakoulututkinto/ Yrkeshögskoleexamen) from a recognised University of Applied Sciences.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5; or 2.8 out of 3\ UK 2:1 degree: 3.5 out of 5; or 2 out of 3\ UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 5; or 1.4 out of 3

France\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Grade de Licence; Diplome d'Ingenieur; or Maitrise from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 12 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Gambia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.3\ UK 2:1 degree: 67%; or GPA 3.3 out of 4.3\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or GPA 2.7 out of 4.3

Georgia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: 91 out of 100; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 81 out of 100; or 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 71 out of 100; or 3.5 out of 5

Germany\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 1.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 2.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5.0

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 5 is the lowest.

Ghana\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class\ UK 2:1 degree: Second Class (Upper Division)\ UK 2:2 degree: Second Class (Lower Division)

Greece\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Degrees from recognised selected institutions in the University sector or Degrees (awarded after 2003) from recognised Technological Educational Institutes.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10*; or 9 out of 10**\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10*; or 7.5 out of 10**\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10*; or 6.8 out of 10**

*Relates to degrees from the University Sector.\ **Relates to degrees from Technological Educational Institutes.

Grenada\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours \ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Guatemala\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%

The above grades assumes that the pass mark is 61% or less.

Guinea\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Master; Maitrise; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures; or Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Guyana\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Graduate Diploma (Postgraduate) or Masters degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Honduras\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/a / Grado Academico de Licenciatura (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 4.0 out of 5; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or 3.5 out of 5; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Hong Kong\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Hungary\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (Alapfokozat) or University Diploma (Egyetemi Oklevel) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.75 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 \ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Iceland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (Baccalaureus or Bakkalarprof) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.25 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.25 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

India\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 75% to 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 60% to 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 50% to 60%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide.  

For India, offers may be made on the GPA scale.

We do not consider the Bachelor of Vocation (B. Voc.) for Masters entry.

Indonesia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Sarjna I (S1) Bachelor Degree or Diploma IV (D4) (minimum 4 years) from selected degree programmes and institutions. \ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 to 3.8 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.2 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.67 to 2.8 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from and the degree that you study.

Iran\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 17.5 to 18.5 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 15 to 16 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 13.5 to 14 out of 20

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Iraq\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85 out of 100\ UK 2:1 degree: 75 out of 100\ UK 2:2 degree: 60 out of 100

Ireland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Honours Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours\ UK 2:1 degree: Second Class Honours Grade I\ UK 2:2 degree: Second Class Honours Grade II

Israel\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Italy\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Laurea (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 110 out of 110 \ UK 2:1 degree: 105 out of 110\ UK 2:2 degree: 94 out of 110

Cote D’ivoire (Ivory Coast)\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Ingenieur; Doctorat en Medicine; Maitrise; Master; Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies; or Diplome d'Etudes Superieures Specialisees from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Jamaica\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies (UWI) or a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or First Class Honours from the UWI\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or Upper Second Class Honours from the UWI\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or Lower Second Class Honours from the UWI

Japan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: S overall* or A overall**; or 90%; or GPA 3.70 out of 4.00\ UK 2:1 degree: A overall* or B overall**; or 80%; or GPA 3.00 out of 4.00\ UK 2:2 degree: B overall* or C overall**; or 70%; or GPA 2.3 out of 4.00

*Overall mark is from the grading scale: S, A, B, C (S is highest mark)\ **Overall mark is from the grading scale: A, B, C, D (A is highest mark)

Jordan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or GPA of 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or GPA of 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA of 2.5 out of 4.0

Kazakhstan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 3.8 out of 4.0/4.33; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 3.33 out of 4.0/4.33; or 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 2.67 out of 4.0/4.33; or 3.5 out of 5

Kenya\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: Second Class Honours Upper Division; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: Second Class Honours Lower Division; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Kosovo\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Kuwait\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.67 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.67 out of 4.0

Kyrgyzstan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.7 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5; or GPA 3.0 out of 4 \ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5; or GPA 2.4 out of 4

Laos\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Latvia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (awarded after 2002) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10

Lebanon\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; Licence; or Maitrise from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90% or Grade A; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 16 out of 20 (French system)\ UK 2:1 degree: 80% or Grade B; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or 13 out of 20 (French system)\ UK 2:2 degree: 70% or Grade C; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0; or 12 out of 20 (French system)

Lesotho\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree (minimum 5 years total HE study); Masters Degree or Postgraduate Diploma from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Liberia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Libya\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 3.7 out of 4.0 GPA \ UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or 3.0 out of 4.0 GPA \ UK 2:2 degree: 65%; or 2.6 out of 4.0 GPA

Liechtenstein\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 5.6 out of 6.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 5.0 out of 6.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 4.4 out of 6.0

Lithuania\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Luxembourg\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Macau\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Licenciatura) (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Macedonia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diploma of Completed Higher Education - Level VII/1 or Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Madagascar\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maîtrise; Diplome d'Ingenieur; Diplôme d'Etat de Docteur en Médecine; Diplôme d’Etat de Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire; Diplôme d'Études Approfondies; Diplôme de Magistère (Première Partie) – also known as Master 1; or Diplôme de Master – also known as Master 2 from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Malawi\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 70% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 60% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Malaysia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Class 1; or 3.7 out of 4.0 CGPA\ UK 2:1 degree: Class 2 division 1; or 3.0 out of 4.0 CGPA\ UK 2:2 degree: Class 2 division 2; or 2.6 out of 4.0 CGPA

Maldives\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (awarded from 2000) from the Maldives National University.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Malta\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours; or Category I\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours; or Category IIA\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours; or Category IIB

Mauritius\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Class I; or 70%\ UK 2:1 degree: Class II division I; or 60%\ UK 2:2 degree: Class II division II; or 50%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the grading scale used by your institution.

Mexico\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo (Profesional) de [subject area] from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.0 to 9.5 out of 10 \ UK 2:1 degree: 8.0 to 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7.0 to 7.5 out of 10

Offer conditions will vary depending on the grading scale your institution uses.

Moldova\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Diploma de Licenta) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Monaco\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Mongolia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 out of 4.0; or 90%; or grade A\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0; or 80%; or grade B\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.8 out of 4.0; or 70%; or grade C

Montenegro\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diploma of Completed Academic Undergraduate Studies; Diploma of Professional Undergraduate Studies; or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 \ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Morocco\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Ecoles Nationales de Commerce et de Gestion; Diplome de Docteur Veterinaire; Doctorat en Medecine; Docteur en Medecine Dentaire; Licence; Diplome d'Inegeniuer d'Etat; Diplome de Doctorat en Pharmacie; or Maitrise from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 13 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Mozambique\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grau de Licenciado (minimum 4 years) or Grau de Mestre from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Myanmar\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80% or GPA of 4.7 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 70% or GPA of 4.0 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 60% or GPA of 3.5 out of 5.0

Namibia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree or Professional Bachelor Degree (NQF level 8 qualifications) - these to be awarded after 2008 from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Nepal\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 65%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 55%; or GPA of 2.4 out of 4.0

Bachelor in Nursing Science are not considered equivalent to UK Bachelor degrees.

Netherlands\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10

New Zealand\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: A-*; or First Class Honours**\ UK 2:1 degree: B*; or Second Class (Division 1) Honours**\ UK 2:2 degree: C+*; or Second Class (Division 2) Honours**

*from a Bachelor degree \ **from a Bachelor Honours degree

Nigeria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.50 out of 5.00; or GPA 6.0 out of 7.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.50 out of 5.00; or GPA 4.6 out of 7.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.80 out of 5.00; or GPA 3.0 out of 7.0

Norway\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Overall B grade with at least 75 ECTS (of 180 ECTS min overall) at grade A or above.\ UK 2:1 degree: Overall B grade \ UK 2:2 degree: Overall C grade

Oman\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Pakistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.8 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 2.6 to 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.0 to 3.0 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide.

Palestine, State of\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Panama\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 91%\ UK 2:1 degree: 81%\ UK 2:2 degree: 71%

Papua New Guinea\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Class I \ UK 2:1 degree: Class II, division A\ UK 2:2 degree: Class II, division B

Paraguay\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado / Titulo de [professional title] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out fo 5

Peru\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grado Academico de Bachiller or Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo (Professional) de [subject area] from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 17 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Philippines\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions or Juris Doctor; Bachelor of Laws; Doctor of Medicine; Doctor of Dentistry/ Optometry/ Veterinary Medicine; or Masters Degree from recognised institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 3.6 out of 4.0; or 94%; or 1.25 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 3.0 out of 4.0; or 86%; or 1.75 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 4.0; or 80%; or 2.5 out of 5

The above 'out of 5' scale assumes 1 is highest mark and 3 is the pass mark.

Poland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licencjat or Inzynier (minimum 3 years) - these must be awarded after 2001 from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.8 out of 5.0 \ UK 2:1 degree: 4.5 out of 5.0 \ UK 2:2 degree: 3.8 out of 5.0

The above grades are based on the 2 to 5 scale, where 3 is the pass mark and 5 is the highest mark.

Portugal\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado (minimum 180 ECTS credits) or Diploma de Estudos Superiores Especializados (DESE) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Puerto Rico\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90/100 or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80/100 or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70/100 or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Qatar\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or GPA 4.4 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or GPA 3.6 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or GPA 2.8 out of 5.0

Romania\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.75 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.0 out of 10 \ UK 2:2 degree: 7.0 out of 10

Russia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Rwanda\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 17 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%; or 15 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or 13 out of 20

Saudi Arabia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.75 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.75 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.75 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 5.0; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Senegal\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maîtrise; Master II; Diplôme d'Études Approfondies (DEA); Diplôme d'Études Supérieures Specialisées (DESS); Diplôme d'État de Docteur en Médecine; Diplôme d'Ingénieur; Diplôme de Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire; or Diplôme de Pharmacien from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16/20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14/20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12/20

Serbia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Sierra Leone\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Honours) or a Masters degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class honours; or GPA 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.75 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class honours; or GPA 4 out of 5; or GPA 3.25 out of 4\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours; or GPA 3.4 out of 5; or GPA 2.75 out of 4

Singapore\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.3 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.8 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.3 out of 5.0; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Slovakia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 93%; or 1 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark)\ UK 2:1 degree: 86%; or 1.5 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark) \ UK 2:2 degree: 72%; or 2.5 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark)

Slovenia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Univerzitetni Diplomant (180 ECTS credits) (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Somalia\ Bachelor degrees from Somalia are not considered for direct entry to our postgraduate taught programmes. Holders of Bachelor degrees from Somali National University can be considered for our Pre-Masters programmes on a case by case basis.\

South Africa\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: NQF Level 8 qualifications such as Bachelor Honours degrees or Professional Bachelor degrees from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 75%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

South Korea\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.2 out of 4.5; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.3; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.5 out of 4.5; or GPA 3.3 out of 4.3; or GPA 3.2 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.5; or GPA 2.8 out of 4.3; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Spain\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo Universitario Oficial de Graduado en [subject area] (Grado) or Titulo Universitario Oficial de Licenciado en [subject area] (Licenciatura) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.0 out of 10; or 2.5 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or 2.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.0 out of 10; or 1.5 out of 4.0

Sri Lanka\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Special or Honours) or Bachelor Degree (Professional) (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.5 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Sudan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution or Bachelor degree in one of the following Professional subjects: Architecture; Dentistry; Engineering; Medicine/Surgery from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 65%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Sweden\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Kandidatexamen) or Professional Bachelor Degree (Yrkesexamenfrom) (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Overall B grade with at least 75 ECTS at grade A or above (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 65% of credits graded at VG overall\ UK 2:1 degree: Overall B grade (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 50% of credits graded at VG overall\ UK 2:2 degree: Overall C grade (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 20% of credits graded at VG overall.

Switzerland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 5.5 out of 6; or 9 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 5 out of 6; or 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 4.25 out of 6; or 7 out of 10

Syria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Taiwan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85 to 90% \ UK 2:1 degree: 70 to 75% \ UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Tajikistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Specialist Diploma or Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Tanzania\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.4 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.7 out of 5.0

Thailand\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.40 to 3.60 out of 4.00\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.00 to 3.20 out of 4.00\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.40 to 2.60 out of 4.00

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Trinidad and Tobago\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or First Class Honours from the University of West Indies\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or Upper Second Class Honours from the University of West Indies\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or Lower Second Class Honours from the University of West Indies

Tunisia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Diplome National d'Architecture; Maitrise; Diplome National d'Ingeniuer; or Doctorat en Medecine / Veterinaire from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 13 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Turkey\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.40 to 3.60 out of 4.00\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 2.80 to 3.00 out of 4.00\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.30 to 2.50 out of 4.00

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.60 out of 4.00\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.00 out of 4.00\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.50 out of 4.00

Turkmenistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Diploma of Higher Education (awarded after 2007) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Turks and Caicos Islands\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (accredited by the Council of Community Colleges of Jamaica) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.3 out of 4.0; or 75%\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.7 out of 4.0; or 65%

Uganda\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.4 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 4.0 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 5.0

Ukraine\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 10 out of 12; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 12; or 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 12; or 3.5 out of 5

United Arab Emirates\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

United States of America\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Uruguay\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 10 to 11 out of 12\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 to 9 out of 12\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 to 7 out of 12

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Uzbekistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 71%; or 3.5 out of 5

Venezuela\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 81%\ UK 2:1 degree: 71%\ UK 2:2 degree: 61%

Non-percentage grading scales, for example scales out of 20, 10, 9 or 5, will have different requirements.

Vietnam\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.4 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.0 out of 4\ UK 2:2 degree: 5.7 out of 10; or GPA 2.4 out of 4

Yemen\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters (Majister) degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Bachelor Degrees from Lebanese International University (in Yemen) can be considered for entry to postgraduate taught programmes - please see Lebanon for guidance on grade requirements for this.

Zambia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 75%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 65%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 55%; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Zimbabwe\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 75%\ UK 2:1 degree: 65%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

English language requirements

The English language requirements for our programmes are normally indicated by an English band assigned to the academic department within which your chosen course of study is administered. However, all programmes in this school have non-standard English language requirements.\  \ The English Language requirements for entry to postgraduate taught programmes in this School is the following:\  \ IELTS (Academic) minimum score 7.0 overall with 6.5 in Writing and 6.0 in Listening, Reading and Speaking\  \ We accept a range of English tests and qualifications for you to demonstrate your level of English Language proficiency. See programmes with non-standard English language requirements for all accepted English tests that we deem equivalent to these IELTS scores.

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