Metadata
Title
Trade Mark Law and Practice PGCert
Category
graduate
UUID
711d9ec597094747928bed17727fcc23
Source URL
https://www.qmul.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/coursefinder/courses/trade-mark-law-a...
Parent URL
https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/postgraduate/programmes/index.html
Crawl Time
2026-03-18T04:05:16+00:00
Rendered Raw Markdown

Trade Mark Law and Practice PGCert

Source: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/coursefinder/courses/trade-mark-law-and-practice-pgcert/ Parent: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/postgraduate/programmes/index.html

Part of: Law

This programme is exclusively designed for trainee Trade Mark attorneys. It has been designed to meet the requirements of the Chartered Institute of Trade Mark Attorneys (CITMA) and the Intellectual Property Regulation Board (IPReg) for those wishing to pursue a career as a Trade Mark Attorney. It is also valuable if you want to understand national, European and international Trade Mark Law at an advanced level as well as become acquainted with the policies affecting these laws under the guidance of leading scholars and practitioners in the field.

Application deadline

Study options

Starting in : September 2026

Location : Lincoln's Inn Fields

Fees : Home: £11,000\ Overseas: £11,000\ EU/EEA/Swiss students

Apply nowRegister your interest

See our application guidance

What you'll study

This Certificate programme commences in early September and is taught over two semesters.

Teaching starts in September with a one-week intensive course covering the Fundamentals of English law and Professional Ethics. This is taught Monday-Thursday usually with two classes per day. Weekly lectures commence the week after. See below for further details.

Structure

Teaching runs over two semesters (from early September until late May - including exam times)

The programme contains 4 compulsory modules – three are taught in Semester 1 and one in Semester 2.

Teaching is usually over 2 set days a week

Students can apply for a module exemption in respect to following module under the criteria set out below.

IPLC134 Fundamentals of Law and Professional Ethics

To qualify students must have, within the last 5 calendar years, obtained a Law Degree (LLB min 2:2) awarded by a UK Higher Education Institute, or a law qualification recognised by the Law Society or the Law Society of Scotland for the purposes of practicing as a solicitor in England and Wales or in Scotland (LPC/GDL etc).

Students with agreed exemption will not have to attend the Law element of the module but will still be required to attend the Professional Ethics element and the assessment for this part of the module.

For an application form, please contact: pglaw-enquiries@qmul.ac.uk.

The closing date for the receipt of completed applications and evidence is tbc. Please note that no applications will be accepted after this deadline.

The total fee for the Certificate will be reduced should the exemption be granted. This amount is to be confirmed.

If you require further information, please contact: pglaw-enquiries@qmul.ac.uk.

Solicitors Exemption Route

Solicitors with 2 or more years of substantial experience in IP work will be exempt from the majority of modules for this programme; such solicitors will therefore need to sit IPLC137 Trade Mark Law and Practice B only.

Please note: Applicants are required to provide registration certificates for two years in the last 5 years.

The deadline to apply for the solicitors’ exemption route for next year is the 19 December 2025. To apply, please contact the Partnerships and Programme Manager for Postgraduate Law, Sharon Watson: s.b.watson@qmul.ac.uk and and pglaw-global@qmul.ac.uk.

Please note, if a student has an exemption from 2 or more modules of this course and passes the remaining module(s), then they cannot be issued with a Post Graduate Certificate. The student will, however, be able to move on to the next part of the Trade Mark Attorney qualification process, for example the Nottingham Law School Professional Certificate in Trade Mark Practice Course.

Please see the academic year plan for an idea of the structure of the programme and key periods of assessment.

Modules

View the full list of modules available on this programme.

View the draft teaching timetable for the Trade Mark Law and Practice PGCert 2025-26 academic year [PDF 222KB].

Assessment

You will be assessed by a range of methods which will be fully explained in your student pack available during the induction activities.

Exact assessment information for each module will be explained in your induction pack which you will receive once your registration is completed. This will also be explained in detail in the induction activities.

View the Intellectual Property Specialist Programmes - exams dates and related details [PDF 279KB].

Teaching

You will be taught by distinguished lecturers and practitioners within the field of intellectual property. Working with these experienced professionals will enhance both your skills and your professional network.

You’ll also be expected to complete further hours of independent study outside the classroom.

Your individual study will be guided by the study sessions you attend, together with any reading lists and revision materials you receive. However, we expect you to demonstrate an active role in your own learning by reading widely and expanding your own knowledge, understanding and critical ability.

[### Dr Apostolos Chronopoulos

Reader in Intellectual Property Law

LLB (Athens); LLM (Lond); LLM Eur (Munich); Dr jur (Munich)

Dr Chronopoulos is a member of the Athens Bar. He researches intellectual property and competition law. His recent publications are related to trade mark law and include “Strict Liability and Negligence in Copyright Law: Fair Use as Regulation of Activity Levels” in the Nebraska Law Review.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/chronopoulos.html)

[### Professor David Musker

Professor of International Design Law

BSc (Hons) London, ARSM, LLM (Nottingham Trent), Chartered Patent Attorney, European Patent Attorney, Patent Attorney Litigator, European Trade Mark and Design Attorney

Professor Musker’s research interests include comparative and international design law, Unitary Patents, Intellectual Property professionals (in particular, regulation and legal professional privilege) and Intellectual Property procedural law.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/musker.html)

Nina O'Sullivan

Partner, Head Knowledge Lawyer (Contentious), Mishcon de Reya

Nina O'Sullivan is a Partner and Head Knowledge Lawyer in the Innovation Department focussing on Intellectual Property and Data Protection. She has extensive experience of intellectual property (IP) litigation and protection, data protection and related fields, and has a particular interest in the life sciences, TMT, betting & gaming, and retail & luxury sectors.  As the Department's Professional Support Lawyer, Nina provides the team and our clients with up to the minute information, guidance and training on developments in IP and data law and practice, and the implications for their business

[### Professor Phillip Johnson

Visiting lecturer

LLM and PhD (Queen Mary)

Professor Johnson is the Professor of Commercial Law at Cardiff Law School. His main area of interest is intellectual property law. He is a practising barrister at the Intellectual Property Bar. He is an author of leading texts such as The Modern Law of Patents, among many others.](https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/478875-johnson-phillip)

[### Professor Noam Shemtov

Professor of Intellectual Property and Technology Law

Professor Noam Shemtov is a qualified solicitor both in the UK and in Israel. He holds visiting appointments by Spanish and Dutch universities, where he lectures regularly in areas pertaining to intellectual property, creative industries and technology.](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/shemtov.html)

Dr Jasem Tarawneh

Reader in Commercial and Intellectual Property Law

Dr Jasem Tarawneh is Programme Director for Management of Intellectual Property Law MSc, Trade Mark and Practice PGCert, and the Intellectual Property PGCert. Prior to joining Queen Mary, he lectured at the University of Manchester. He also worked for several years as a corporate lawyer and arbitrator in Europe and the Middle East before joining academia. Jasem has a number of publications in his areas of research interest, including intellectual property, international dispute resolution, and international trade and investment.

[### Professor Guido Westkamp

Professor of Intellectual Property and Comparative Law

Dr jur (University Münster), First and Second German State Examination in Law, LLM (London)

Professor Guido Westkamp is a frequent speaker at international conferences and workshops. He is a widely-published author and has a large number of visiting positions including posts at the Universities of Münster (Germany), Alicante (Spain), Hong Kong, TU Dresden (Germany), Wroclaw (Poland) and Skopje (Macedonia).](https://www.qmul.ac.uk/ccls/people/profiles/westkamp.html)

Where you'll learn

Facilities

Campus

Your module teaching will be at one of the Queen Mary central campus locations: Lincoln’s Inn Fields, Charterhouse Square or West Smithfield.

Administration of the programme is primarily based at the School of Law's postgraduate office on the third floor of the Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS), located in Lincoln's Inn Fields.

About the School

The School of Law

The School of Law is part of Queen Mary University of London, a member of both the University of London and the Russell Group. The School was ranked 7th in the UK and 32nd in the world by QS World University Rankings by Subject 2023, and 10th in the UK and 50th in world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 by subject.

The School of Law has consistently been ranked in the top 10 law schools in the UK for the quality of our research and teaching, and many of our internationally recognised staff act as advisers to governments, industry and NGOs, both nationally and internationally.

The School's central focus is on the role of law and its institutions in contemporary international society. The School of Law is divided into two organisational units: the Department of Law and the Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS). The School of Law hosts the largest and most diverse LLM programme in the UK.

Contact us

School of Law

Career paths

This programme will give you the opportunity to apply your learning to your own practice. This PGCert will bolster your current career and your employability. If you choose to explore your career options, we have dedicated law careers advisers who organise events and internship opportunities with top UK and international law firms. More activities in relation to that will be organised during the induction activities week.

Fees and funding

Part-time study

September 2026 | 9 months

Conditional deposit

Home: Not applicable\

Overseas: £2000\ Information about deposits

Funding

There are a number of ways you can fund your postgraduate degree.

School of Law scholarships

The School of Law offers a range of scholarships for Law Masters programmes each year. Full details are made available on the law funding page from October – November each year.

Other sources of funding

Our Advice and Counselling service offers specialist support on financial issues, which you can access as soon as you apply for a place at Queen Mary. Before you apply, you can access our funding guides and advice on managing your money:

Entry requirements

UK

Degree requirements

A 2:2 or above at undergraduate level in any subject.

Other routes

Applicants without a Bachelor degree are also welcome to apply if they fit into the following criteria:

Please note that these applications are assessed on a case by case basis and will need faculty approval.

Find out more about how to apply for our postgraduate taught courses.

International

Country of QualificationSelect a countryAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaChileChinaColombiaCongo, Dem. Rep. ofCongo, Rep. ofCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEritreaEstoniaEswatiniEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuyanaHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyCote D’ivoire (Ivory Coast)JamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKosovoKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacauMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaltaMauritiusMexicoMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalestine, State ofPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussiaRwandaSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainSri LankaSudanSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkish Republic of Northern CyprusTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited States of AmericaUruguayUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Afghanistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Master Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 \ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 \ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Albania\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 \ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Algeria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Diplome de [subject area]; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures; Diplome de Docteur end Pharmacie; or Diplome de Docteur en Medecine from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Angola\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grau de Licenciado/a (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 17 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 15 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 13 out of 20

Argentina\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo/ Grado de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Armenia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 87 out of 100\ UK 2:1 degree: 75 out of 100\ UK 2:2 degree: 61 out of 100

Australia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: High Distinction; or First Class with Honours \ UK 2:1 degree: Distinction; or Upper Second Class with Honours \ UK 2:2 degree: Credit; or Lower Second Class with Honours

Austria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 1.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 2.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5.0

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 5 is the lowest.

Azerbaijan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or GPA 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or GPA 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA 3.5 out of 5

Bahamas\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Bahrain\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 90 out of 100\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or 80 out of 100\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.3 out of 4.0; or 74 out of 100

Bangladesh\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.2 to 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.3 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.3 to 2.7 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide.

Barbados\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from the University of West Indies, Cave Hill or Barbados Community College. \ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours*; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0**\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours*; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0**\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours*; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0**

*relates to: the University of West Indies, Cave Hill.

**relates to: Barbados Community College.

Belarus\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10; or 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 5 out of 10; or 3.5 out of 5

Belgium\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: 80% or 16/20*; or 78%**\ UK 2:1 degree: 70% or 14/20*; or 72%**\ UK 2:2 degree: 60% or 12/20*; or 65%**

*Flanders (Dutch-speaking)/ Wallonia (French-speaking)\ **German-speaking

Belize\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours \ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours \ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Benin\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maitrise or Masters from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Bolivia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Bachiller Universitario or Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%* or 80%**\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%* or 70%**\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%* or 60%**

*relates to: Titulo de Bachiller Universitario

**relates to: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area]

Bosnia and Herzegovina\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Botswana\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 5 years) or Master Degree from the University of Botswana.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Brazil\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Título de Bacharel / Título de [subject area] or Título de Licenciado/a (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.25 out of 10 \ UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 \ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

The above grades assumes that the grading scale has a pass mark of 5.

Brunei\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours \ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours \ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Bulgaria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 5.75 out of 6.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.75 out of 6.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 4.0 out of 6.0

Burundi\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or 12 out of 20

Cambodia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 3.5 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or GPA 2.35 out of 4.0

Cameroon\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; Licence; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures de Commerce; Diplome d'Ingenieur de Conception/ Travaux; Doctorat en Medecine/ Pharmacie; or Maitrise or Master 1 from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Canada\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Chile\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grado de Licenciado en [subject area] or Titulo (Professional) de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 6.5 out of 7\ UK 2:1 degree: 5.5 out of 7\ UK 2:2 degree: 5 out of 7

China\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85 to 95% \ UK 2:1 degree: 70 to 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 65 to 75%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Colombia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado en [subject area] or Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.60 out of 5.00\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.00 out of 5.00\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.50 out of 5.00

Congo, Dem. Rep. of\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies or Diplome d'Etudes Speciales from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20; or 90%\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20; or 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20; or 70%

Congo, Rep. of\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Superieures or Maitrise from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Costa Rica\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachiller or Licenciado from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Croatia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education Level VII/1 (Diploma - Visoko obrazovanje) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3 out of 5

Cuba\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Arquitecto/ Doctor/ Ingeniero from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Cyprus\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.0 out of 10; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Czech Republic\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 1.2 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: 1.5 out of 4\ UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 4

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 4 is the lowest.

Denmark\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 12 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 11 out of 13 (before 2007)\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 8 out of 13 (before 2007)\ UK 2:2 degree: 4 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 7 out of 13 (before 2007)

Dominican Republic\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 95/100\ UK 2:1 degree: 85/100\ UK 2:2 degree: 78/100

Ecuador\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 9/10; or 19/20; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 8/10; or 18/20; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or 7/10; or 14/20; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Egypt\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%; or GPA 2.5 out of 4

El Salvador\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 5 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Eritrea\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Estonia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; University Specialist's Diploma; or Professional Higher Education Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 3.5 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 2 out of 5

The above grades assumes that 1 is the pass mark.

Eswatini\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Ethiopia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 \ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Fiji\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from one of the following institutions: Fiji National University, the University of Fiji, or the University of South Pacific, Fiji.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.0 out of 5.0*; or overall grade A with High Distinction pass**; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.5***\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.33 out of 5.0*; or overall grade B with Credit pass**; or GPA 3.5 out of 4.5***\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.33 out of 5.0*; or overall grade S (Satisfactory)**; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.5***

*relates to Fiji National University

**relate to the University of Fiji

***relates to the University of South Pacific, Fiji

Finland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree/ Kandidaatti/ Kandidat (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution; or Bachelor degree (Ammattikorkeakoulututkinto/ Yrkeshögskoleexamen) from a recognised University of Applied Sciences.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5; or 2.8 out of 3\ UK 2:1 degree: 3.5 out of 5; or 2 out of 3\ UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 5; or 1.4 out of 3

France\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Grade de Licence; Diplome d'Ingenieur; or Maitrise from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 12 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Gambia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.3\ UK 2:1 degree: 67%; or GPA 3.3 out of 4.3\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or GPA 2.7 out of 4.3

Georgia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: 91 out of 100; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 81 out of 100; or 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 71 out of 100; or 3.5 out of 5

Germany\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 1.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 2.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5.0

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 5 is the lowest.

Ghana\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class\ UK 2:1 degree: Second Class (Upper Division)\ UK 2:2 degree: Second Class (Lower Division)

Greece\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Degrees from recognised selected institutions in the University sector or Degrees (awarded after 2003) from recognised Technological Educational Institutes.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10*; or 9 out of 10**\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10*; or 7.5 out of 10**\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10*; or 6.8 out of 10**

*Relates to degrees from the University Sector.\ **Relates to degrees from Technological Educational Institutes.

Grenada\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours \ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Guatemala\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%

The above grades assumes that the pass mark is 61% or less.

Guinea\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Master; Maitrise; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures; or Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Guyana\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Graduate Diploma (Postgraduate) or Masters degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Honduras\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/a / Grado Academico de Licenciatura (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 4.0 out of 5; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or 3.5 out of 5; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Hong Kong\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Hungary\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (Alapfokozat) or University Diploma (Egyetemi Oklevel) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.75 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 \ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Iceland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (Baccalaureus or Bakkalarprof) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.25 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.25 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

India\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 75% to 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 60% to 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 50% to 60%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide.  

For India, offers may be made on the GPA scale.

We do not consider the Bachelor of Vocation (B. Voc.) for Masters entry.

Indonesia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Sarjna I (S1) Bachelor Degree or Diploma IV (D4) (minimum 4 years) from selected degree programmes and institutions. \ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 to 3.8 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.2 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.67 to 2.8 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from and the degree that you study.

Iran\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 17.5 to 18.5 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 15 to 16 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 13.5 to 14 out of 20

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Iraq\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85 out of 100\ UK 2:1 degree: 75 out of 100\ UK 2:2 degree: 60 out of 100

Ireland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Honours Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours\ UK 2:1 degree: Second Class Honours Grade I\ UK 2:2 degree: Second Class Honours Grade II

Israel\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Italy\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Laurea (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 110 out of 110 \ UK 2:1 degree: 105 out of 110\ UK 2:2 degree: 94 out of 110

Cote D’ivoire (Ivory Coast)\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Ingenieur; Doctorat en Medicine; Maitrise; Master; Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies; or Diplome d'Etudes Superieures Specialisees from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Jamaica\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies (UWI) or a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or First Class Honours from the UWI\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or Upper Second Class Honours from the UWI\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or Lower Second Class Honours from the UWI

Japan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: S overall* or A overall**; or 90%; or GPA 3.70 out of 4.00\ UK 2:1 degree: A overall* or B overall**; or 80%; or GPA 3.00 out of 4.00\ UK 2:2 degree: B overall* or C overall**; or 70%; or GPA 2.3 out of 4.00

*Overall mark is from the grading scale: S, A, B, C (S is highest mark)\ **Overall mark is from the grading scale: A, B, C, D (A is highest mark)

Jordan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or GPA of 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or GPA of 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA of 2.5 out of 4.0

Kazakhstan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 3.8 out of 4.0/4.33; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 3.33 out of 4.0/4.33; or 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 2.67 out of 4.0/4.33; or 3.5 out of 5

Kenya\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: Second Class Honours Upper Division; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: Second Class Honours Lower Division; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Kosovo\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Kuwait\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.67 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.67 out of 4.0

Kyrgyzstan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.7 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5; or GPA 3.0 out of 4 \ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5; or GPA 2.4 out of 4

Laos\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Latvia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (awarded after 2002) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10

Lebanon\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; Licence; or Maitrise from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90% or Grade A; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 16 out of 20 (French system)\ UK 2:1 degree: 80% or Grade B; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or 13 out of 20 (French system)\ UK 2:2 degree: 70% or Grade C; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0; or 12 out of 20 (French system)

Lesotho\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree (minimum 5 years total HE study); Masters Degree or Postgraduate Diploma from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Liberia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Libya\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 3.7 out of 4.0 GPA \ UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or 3.0 out of 4.0 GPA \ UK 2:2 degree: 65%; or 2.6 out of 4.0 GPA

Liechtenstein\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 5.6 out of 6.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 5.0 out of 6.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 4.4 out of 6.0

Lithuania\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Luxembourg\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Macau\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Licenciatura) (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Macedonia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diploma of Completed Higher Education - Level VII/1 or Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Madagascar\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maîtrise; Diplome d'Ingenieur; Diplôme d'Etat de Docteur en Médecine; Diplôme d’Etat de Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire; Diplôme d'Études Approfondies; Diplôme de Magistère (Première Partie) – also known as Master 1; or Diplôme de Master – also known as Master 2 from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Malawi\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 70% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 60% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Malaysia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Class 1; or 3.7 out of 4.0 CGPA\ UK 2:1 degree: Class 2 division 1; or 3.0 out of 4.0 CGPA\ UK 2:2 degree: Class 2 division 2; or 2.6 out of 4.0 CGPA

Maldives\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (awarded from 2000) from the Maldives National University.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Malta\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. \ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours; or Category I\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours; or Category IIA\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours; or Category IIB

Mauritius\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Class I; or 70%\ UK 2:1 degree: Class II division I; or 60%\ UK 2:2 degree: Class II division II; or 50%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the grading scale used by your institution.

Mexico\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo (Profesional) de [subject area] from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.0 to 9.5 out of 10 \ UK 2:1 degree: 8.0 to 8.5 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7.0 to 7.5 out of 10

Offer conditions will vary depending on the grading scale your institution uses.

Moldova\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Diploma de Licenta) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Monaco\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Mongolia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 out of 4.0; or 90%; or grade A\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0; or 80%; or grade B\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.8 out of 4.0; or 70%; or grade C

Montenegro\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diploma of Completed Academic Undergraduate Studies; Diploma of Professional Undergraduate Studies; or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 \ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Morocco\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Ecoles Nationales de Commerce et de Gestion; Diplome de Docteur Veterinaire; Doctorat en Medecine; Docteur en Medecine Dentaire; Licence; Diplome d'Inegeniuer d'Etat; Diplome de Doctorat en Pharmacie; or Maitrise from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 13 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Mozambique\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grau de Licenciado (minimum 4 years) or Grau de Mestre from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Myanmar\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80% or GPA of 4.7 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 70% or GPA of 4.0 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 60% or GPA of 3.5 out of 5.0

Namibia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree or Professional Bachelor Degree (NQF level 8 qualifications) - these to be awarded after 2008 from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Nepal\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 65%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 55%; or GPA of 2.4 out of 4.0

Bachelor in Nursing Science are not considered equivalent to UK Bachelor degrees.

Netherlands\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10

New Zealand\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: A-*; or First Class Honours**\ UK 2:1 degree: B*; or Second Class (Division 1) Honours**\ UK 2:2 degree: C+*; or Second Class (Division 2) Honours**

*from a Bachelor degree \ **from a Bachelor Honours degree

Nigeria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.50 out of 5.00; or GPA 6.0 out of 7.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.50 out of 5.00; or GPA 4.6 out of 7.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.80 out of 5.00; or GPA 3.0 out of 7.0

Norway\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Overall B grade with at least 75 ECTS (of 180 ECTS min overall) at grade A or above.\ UK 2:1 degree: Overall B grade \ UK 2:2 degree: Overall C grade

Oman\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Pakistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.8 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 2.6 to 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.0 to 3.0 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide.

Palestine, State of\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Panama\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 91%\ UK 2:1 degree: 81%\ UK 2:2 degree: 71%

Papua New Guinea\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Class I \ UK 2:1 degree: Class II, division A\ UK 2:2 degree: Class II, division B

Paraguay\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado / Titulo de [professional title] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out fo 5

Peru\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grado Academico de Bachiller or Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo (Professional) de [subject area] from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 17 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Philippines\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions or Juris Doctor; Bachelor of Laws; Doctor of Medicine; Doctor of Dentistry/ Optometry/ Veterinary Medicine; or Masters Degree from recognised institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 3.6 out of 4.0; or 94%; or 1.25 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 3.0 out of 4.0; or 86%; or 1.75 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 4.0; or 80%; or 2.5 out of 5

The above 'out of 5' scale assumes 1 is highest mark and 3 is the pass mark.

Poland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licencjat or Inzynier (minimum 3 years) - these must be awarded after 2001 from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.8 out of 5.0 \ UK 2:1 degree: 4.5 out of 5.0 \ UK 2:2 degree: 3.8 out of 5.0

The above grades are based on the 2 to 5 scale, where 3 is the pass mark and 5 is the highest mark.

Portugal\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado (minimum 180 ECTS credits) or Diploma de Estudos Superiores Especializados (DESE) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Puerto Rico\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90/100 or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 80/100 or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 70/100 or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Qatar\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or GPA 4.4 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or GPA 3.6 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or GPA 2.8 out of 5.0

Romania\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.75 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8.0 out of 10 \ UK 2:2 degree: 7.0 out of 10

Russia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Rwanda\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 17 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%; or 15 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or 13 out of 20

Saudi Arabia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.75 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.75 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.75 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 5.0; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Senegal\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maîtrise; Master II; Diplôme d'Études Approfondies (DEA); Diplôme d'Études Supérieures Specialisées (DESS); Diplôme d'État de Docteur en Médecine; Diplôme d'Ingénieur; Diplôme de Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire; or Diplôme de Pharmacien from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16/20\ UK 2:1 degree: 14/20\ UK 2:2 degree: 12/20

Serbia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Sierra Leone\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Honours) or a Masters degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: First Class honours; or GPA 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.75 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class honours; or GPA 4 out of 5; or GPA 3.25 out of 4\ UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours; or GPA 3.4 out of 5; or GPA 2.75 out of 4

Singapore\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.3 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.8 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.3 out of 5.0; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Slovakia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 93%; or 1 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark)\ UK 2:1 degree: 86%; or 1.5 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark) \ UK 2:2 degree: 72%; or 2.5 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark)

Slovenia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Univerzitetni Diplomant (180 ECTS credits) (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Somalia\ Bachelor degrees from Somalia are not considered for direct entry to our postgraduate taught programmes. Holders of Bachelor degrees from Somali National University can be considered for our Pre-Masters programmes on a case by case basis.\

South Africa\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: NQF Level 8 qualifications such as Bachelor Honours degrees or Professional Bachelor degrees from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 75%\ UK 2:1 degree: 70%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

South Korea\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.2 out of 4.5; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.3; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.5 out of 4.5; or GPA 3.3 out of 4.3; or GPA 3.2 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.5; or GPA 2.8 out of 4.3; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Spain\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo Universitario Oficial de Graduado en [subject area] (Grado) or Titulo Universitario Oficial de Licenciado en [subject area] (Licenciatura) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.0 out of 10; or 2.5 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or 2.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 6.0 out of 10; or 1.5 out of 4.0

Sri Lanka\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Special or Honours) or Bachelor Degree (Professional) (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.5 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Sudan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution or Bachelor degree in one of the following Professional subjects: Architecture; Dentistry; Engineering; Medicine/Surgery from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: 65%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Sweden\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Kandidatexamen) or Professional Bachelor Degree (Yrkesexamenfrom) (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: Overall B grade with at least 75 ECTS at grade A or above (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 65% of credits graded at VG overall\ UK 2:1 degree: Overall B grade (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 50% of credits graded at VG overall\ UK 2:2 degree: Overall C grade (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 20% of credits graded at VG overall.

Switzerland\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 5.5 out of 6; or 9 out of 10\ UK 2:1 degree: 5 out of 6; or 8 out of 10\ UK 2:2 degree: 4.25 out of 6; or 7 out of 10

Syria\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85%\ UK 2:1 degree: 75%\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Taiwan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 85 to 90% \ UK 2:1 degree: 70 to 75% \ UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Tajikistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Specialist Diploma or Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Tanzania\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.4 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.5 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.7 out of 5.0

Thailand\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.40 to 3.60 out of 4.00\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.00 to 3.20 out of 4.00\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.40 to 2.60 out of 4.00

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Trinidad and Tobago\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or First Class Honours from the University of West Indies\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or Upper Second Class Honours from the University of West Indies\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or Lower Second Class Honours from the University of West Indies

Tunisia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Diplome National d'Architecture; Maitrise; Diplome National d'Ingeniuer; or Doctorat en Medecine / Veterinaire from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20\ UK 2:1 degree: 13 out of 20\ UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Turkey\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.40 to 3.60 out of 4.00\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 2.80 to 3.00 out of 4.00\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.30 to 2.50 out of 4.00

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.60 out of 4.00\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.00 out of 4.00\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.50 out of 4.00

Turkmenistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Diploma of Higher Education (awarded after 2007) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Turks and Caicos Islands\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (accredited by the Council of Community Colleges of Jamaica) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 80%\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.3 out of 4.0; or 75%\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.7 out of 4.0; or 65%

Uganda\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.4 out of 5.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 4.0 out of 5.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 5.0

Ukraine\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 10 out of 12; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 12; or 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 12; or 3.5 out of 5

United Arab Emirates\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

United States of America\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Uruguay\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 10 to 11 out of 12\ UK 2:1 degree: 7 to 9 out of 12\ UK 2:2 degree: 6 to 7 out of 12

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Uzbekistan\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 4.7 out of 5\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 4.0 out of 5\ UK 2:2 degree: 71%; or 3.5 out of 5

Venezuela\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 81%\ UK 2:1 degree: 71%\ UK 2:2 degree: 61%

Non-percentage grading scales, for example scales out of 20, 10, 9 or 5, will have different requirements.

Vietnam\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 8.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.4 out of 4\ UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.0 out of 4\ UK 2:2 degree: 5.7 out of 10; or GPA 2.4 out of 4

Yemen\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters (Majister) degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 90%\ UK 2:1 degree: 80%\ UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Bachelor Degrees from Lebanese International University (in Yemen) can be considered for entry to postgraduate taught programmes - please see Lebanon for guidance on grade requirements for this.

Zambia\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 75%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0\ UK 2:1 degree: 65%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0\ UK 2:2 degree: 55%; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Zimbabwe\ We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution.\ \ UK 1st class degree: 75%\ UK 2:1 degree: 65%\ UK 2:2 degree: 60%

English language requirements

The English language requirements for our programmes are normally indicated by an English band assigned to the academic department within which your chosen course of study is administered. However, all programmes in this school have non-standard English language requirements.\  \ The English Language requirements for entry to postgraduate taught programmes in this School is the following:\  \ IELTS (Academic) minimum score 7.0 overall with 6.5 in Writing and 6.0 in Listening, Reading and Speaking\  \ We accept a range of English tests and qualifications for you to demonstrate your level of English Language proficiency. See programmes with non-standard English language requirements for all accepted English tests that we deem equivalent to these IELTS scores.

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