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Title
The Sheridan Libraries
Category
general
UUID
6c45af8914e34e42bf84e979abf981fe
Source URL
https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/more-styles
Parent URL
https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/apa
Crawl Time
2026-03-23T07:50:34+00:00
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# The Sheridan Libraries

**Source**: https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/more-styles
**Parent**: https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/apa

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# Citing Sources

Learn about frequently-used citation styles and citation tools.

- [Home](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/home)
  - [APA Style](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/apa)
  - [MLA Style](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/mla)
  - [Chicago Style](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/chicago)
  - [More Styles](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/more-styles)
  - [Citing Generative AI Tools](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/c.php?g=202470&p=10361978)
  - [Citing Data](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/data "How to cite data and statistics sources")
  - [Citing Images](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/images)
- [Citation Managers (EndNote, Refworks, Mendeley, Zotero)](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/citationtools)
- [Avoiding Plagiarism](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/avoidingplagiarism/home)

## More Styles

- [ACM (Association for Computing Machinery)](#s-lib-ctab-9058063-0)
- [ACS (American Chemical Society)](#s-lib-ctab-9058063-1)
- [AMA - American Medical Assoc.](#s-lib-ctab-9058063-2)
- [ASME (Mechanical Engineers)](#s-lib-ctab-9058063-3)
- [CSE - Council of Science Editors](#s-lib-ctab-9058063-4)
- [IEEE](#s-lib-ctab-9058063-5)
- [Vancouver (ICMJE - Int'l Comm Medical Journal Editors)](#s-lib-ctab-9058063-6)

[Here are ACM templates for references](https://www.acm.org/publications/authors/reference-formatting) (as of July 2023). That page also has a link to [BibTex example](https://www.acm.org/publications/authors/bibtex-formatting).

**This is how ACM wants your in-text citations** (this is the first paragraph of its style page, linked above):

"The in-text citation style is as follows: For parenthetical citations we enclose the number of the reference, thus: **[1]**.\
Sequential parenthetical citations are enclosed in square brackets and separated by commas, thus **[1, 2]**. When a citation is part of a sentence, the name of the author is NOT enclosed in brackets, but the year is: "So we see that Burando et al. [1999]...' "

[Authors:](https://ht.acm.org/ht2024/reference-styles-for-acm-papers/) list up to 3 authors. When there are four or more, list only the first author followed by  *et al.*(with *et al*. in italics).

\
In **RefWorks**, every ACM journal and conference proceeding is listed.

- Click "Create bibliography" (on top), and enter ACM in the box, then scroll down to the publication whose style you want to use:\

**[Generative AI -- Read the ACM FAQ](https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/frequently-asked-questions) and the [Policy on Authorship](https://www-acm-org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/publications/policies/new-acm-policy-on-authorship) (September 16, 2025).**

##### The American Chemical Society (ACS) has online information about its style.

- [ACS Style Quick Guide](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsguide.40303) (as of April 2025)
- [Other style information](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/book/10.1021/acsguide), such as style for chemical elements, isotopes, electronic configurations, and crystallography

- [Artificial Intelligence (AI) Best Practices and Policies at ACS Publications](https://researcher-resources.acs.org/publish/aipolicy)

  Includes transparency, authorship, graphics, and more.\
  December 2024.

##### **The [latest edition is the 11th (2019)](https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991060854310807861&context=L&vid=01JHU_INST:JHU&lang=en&search_scope=All_except_EU&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,%22american%20medical%22%20guide%20style&facet=searchcreationdate,include,2019%7C,%7C2020&pfilter=rtype,exact,books&offset=0) [online]. Note:  Updates are added [here](https://academic.oup.com/amamanualofstyle/pages/about/updates-to-the-manual?login=false), as they are made. ---**The most recent updates may not yet be included in the ebook itself, so always take a look at this page to see what's new.

Some quick tips:

- Here is the information for [reference formats](https://academic-oup-com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/amamanualofstyle/book/27941/chapter/207563234?login=true&token=eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0.eyJleHAiOjE3MTk5NjMwNzUsImp0aSI6ImJhZGI1NDUzLThiMTUtNDdiOC1iNTRkLTI5MTE5OTg0ZmU5MyJ9.)
- A DOI should be included if available

##### **Generative AI Policies**

- [Section 5.1.12, Use of Artificial Intelligence and Language Models](https://academic.oup.com/amamanualofstyle/book/27941/chapter/207564250#med-9780190246556-chapter-5-div2-30011) was added (February 2023), which summarizes the new JAMA Network policy prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence or similar technologies/tools as byline authors.
- [5.2.1.1 Acknowledgment of Use of Artificial Intelligence and Language Models in Writing and Editing](https://academic.oup.com/amamanualofstyle/book/27941/chapter/207564250?login=true#med-9780190246556-chapter-5-div3-1982)
- AMA also refers to ICMJE guidance in [Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals](https://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf) -- Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Technology (page #3; updated January 2024

[ASME follows the COPE guidance](https://vvs.secure-platform.com/a/page/author_resources/authorship_and_AI_tools#:~:text=ASME%20is%20a%20member%20of,responsibility%20for%20the%20submitted%20work.) about generative AI. The [COPE guidance is here](https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/authorship-and-ai-tools) (February 2023).

The [Council of Science Editors](https://www.councilscienceeditors.org/) has its own writing and publication style. *The CSE Manual* presents 3 systems for referring to references (also known as citations) within the text of a journal article, book, or other scientific publication: (1) citation–sequence, (2) name–year, and (3) citation–name. These abbreviated references are called in-text references. They refer to a list of references at the end of the document.

- The library owns the latest edition (9th ed., 2024) in print, see below for the link.

The [CSE Quick Guide](https://www.csemanual.org/Tools/CSE-Citation-Quick-Guide.html) to the 9th edition (2024)  is available on the CSE website

[CSE’s Recommendations for Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications (updated June 2023)](https://cse.memberclicks.net/assets/docs/2023/CSE%20Recommendations_Paper_Jun%202023%20Edits_v5.pdf)

- Section 2.1.15: Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Work
- Section 2.2.2: Other Authorship Issues

- [The CSE Manual, Ninth Edition

  by

  Council of Science Editors](https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/permalink/01JHU_INST/t3c16/alma991060765069807861)

  ISBN: 9780226683942

  Publication Date: 2024-05-03

**Note:** "For spelling reference, IEEE uses *The* *Merriam-Webster Dictionary.* [For guidance on grammar and usage not included in the style guide, consult](https://magazines.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/your-role-in-article-production/ieee-magazines-editorial-style/) [The Chicago Manual of Style..](https://magazines.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/your-role-in-article-production/ieee-magazines-editorial-style/)."

- [IEEE Reference Style Guide for Authors (2025)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j1L96U2NagwWI9MEVDNVKt9pXxRzTH7h3krI3Mb6wZE/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.b2e0set9htjw) -- More detailed guide to citing various kinds of information sources in IEEE style.\
  \
  **The beginning of this guide shows how to do in-text citations:**

  "References need not be cited in the text. When they are, they appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation. Grammatically, they may be treated as if they were nouns or footnote numbers; for example:

  According to [1]; as demonstrated in [2]; as shown by Brown [4], [5]; as mentioned earlier [2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [9]; Smith [4] and Brown and Jones [5]; Wood et al. [7]

  Reference ranges in text ...will be written out. For example, “[1], [2], [3], [4]”.

  NOTE: Use “et al.” when three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text."
- [IEEE Mathematics Guide](http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/Editing-Mathematics.pdf) (November 2018) shows how mathematical equations should be written.\
- [IEEE DataPort - How to Cite References](https://ieee-dataport.org/sites/default/files/analysis/27/IEEE%20Citation%20Guidelines.pdf) (last modified April 2025) -- Easy guide with examples of how to cite various types of information, and how to do in-text citations.\
  --**NOTE:** We do not have access to DataPort, although individual members of IEEE do have access.\
  --These style guides do not include all types of information. For citing **data**, please refer to [this page of the Data and Statistics guide](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/c.php?g=1410809&p=10447806), [this page on this guide](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/data), and [this page](https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/ieeequickguide/datasets) of Penn State University's guide (last revised August 2024).
\
- [Tools for IEEE Authors](https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-journal-article/authoring-tools-and-templates/tools-for-ieee-authors/) -- Includes how to use Overleaf, getting an ORCID number, sharing code, and more.\
  \
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

**[Author Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated Text](https://open.ieee.org/author-guidelines-for-artificial-intelligence-ai-generated-text/)  (April 2024)**\
-- This is their policy and not their style, but they reference [APA's recent blog post for how to cite ChatGPT](https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/how-to-cite-chatgpt?utm_source=linkedin&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=apa-style&utm_content=blog-how-to-cite-chatgpt), which also covers "creating a reference to ChatGPT or other AI models and software."\
---You may also use APA style for other information missing from IEEE's own guides. (personal communication with rep, February 10, 2025).\
---These guidelines do cover what you must disclose, which is important. So a combination of these disclosures and APA style should be be acceptable (but always ask your instructor).\
\
-- For broader guidance, see the [*IEEE Publication Services and Products Board Operations Manual 2025*](https://pspb.ieee.org/images/files/PSPB/opsmanual.pdf), 8.2.1.B10, p.106 (this manual covers authors, editors, reviewers, staff, and others):

"The use of content generated by artificial intelligence (AI) in an article (including but not limited to text, figures, images, and code) shall be disclosed in the acknowledgments section of any article submitted to an IEEE publication. The AI system used shall be identified, and specific sections of the article that use AI-generated content shall be identified and accompanied by a brief explanation regarding the level at which the AI system was\
used to generate the content.\
"The use of AI systems for editing and grammar enhancement is common practice and, as such, is generally outside the intent of the above policy. In this case, disclosure as noted above is recommended."\

The style known as "Vancouver" was created by the [International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)](http://www.icmje.org/). It is used by many biomedical journals including Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal (BMJ), JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), and New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).

Here are the organization's guidelines for [preparing a manuscript for submission](http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/manuscript-preparation/preparing-for-submission.html). In the [References section](http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/manuscript-preparation/preparing-for-submission.html#g) of that page, there is a lot of guidance, including

- [examples of how citations should look](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html)
- abbreviate journal titles according the [style used for MEDLINE](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals)
- follow NLM's [Citing Medicine, 2nd edition](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/), which is free online on NCBI's "bookshelf" -- look at the Table of Contents for how to cite [conference proceedings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7272/) and other things.

Some journals use variations on Vancouver style. For style points that vary -- e.g., whether to cite electronic references within parentheses in the text or in numbered references following the text -- you should consult the specific journal to which you plan to submit your manuscript.

##### [Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals](https://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf) (updated **January 2026**)

- Here is the [annotated PDF](https://www.icmje.org/news-and-editorials/icmje-recommendations_annotated_jan26.pdf) to see what changes were made. Click on the red to go to that section.

- [<< **Previous:** Chicago Style](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing/chicago)
- [**Next:** Citing Generative AI Tools >>](https://guides.library.jhu.edu/c.php?g=202470&p=10361978)