# Annotated first edition copy of Newton's Principia

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7166
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# Annotated first edition copy of Newton's Principia

Details

Collection Description

With the publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687, Isaac Newton established the modern science of dynamics by formulating his three laws of motion. Newton applied these laws to Kepler's laws of orbital motion and derived the law of universal gravitation, which explains how all bodies in space and on earth are affected by gravity. There were between 250-400 copies of the first edition printed, with 189 "surviving" copies known of as of 1953.

The University of Sydney copy is one of only four known copies that were sent by Newton and his assistant Roger Cotes to other mathematicians in order to eliminate any errors in a second edition. The other copies are all located in the Northern Hemisphere - two in the University of Cambridge Library and one in the Library of Trinity College.

It was originally believed that the corrections and five pages of manuscript notes were written by Swiss mathematician Nicolas Fatio de Duillier and completed by Cotes. It has now been determined that these notes are in the hand of John Craig, a Scottish mathematician. Other marginal annotations, and occasional alterations to the diagrams, are in two other hands, with the corrections to the diagrams have been believed to be written by Newton.

In 1961 the University was presented with this copy of Principia by representatives of Barbara Bruce-Smith and Beatrix Bruce Blomfield, heirs of the Hon. Arthur Bruce Smith. Bruce Smith was a member of Parliament, barrister-at-law, and King's Counsel, and assisted in the drafting of the Australian Federal Constitution. Bruce Smith acquired this copy of Principia soon after it arrived in Australia in 1908, from Harry Constantine Adolphus Elderton. Bruce Smith wrote two letters to Nature regarding this purchase and discovery, both included in this collection.

Collection SummaryThe University of Sydney copy is one of only four known first edition copies that were sent by Newton and his assistant Roger Cotes to other mathematicians for peer review

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Text

[\

Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7454)

[\

How a first edition of Principia with Isaac Newton's notes got to Sydney](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7615)

[\

Newton's "Principia.": a Discovery by Mr Bruce Smith](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7522)

[\

Letter from Professor Sir Stephen Roberts to E. Bruce Smith in 1961, thanking the sisters for the gift of Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7519)

[\

Letter from R. F. Sharp from British Museum to Arthur Bruce-Smith in August 1924, providing advice on the potential sale of this copy of Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7518)

[\

Letter from Frederick E. Brasch, Chief of the Smithsonian scientific collection to Verton Bruce Smith in June 1943, discussing the value for annotated copies of Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7517)

[\

Letter from Frederick E Brasch, Chief of the Smithsonian scientific collection to Barbara Bruce Smith in January 1943, requesting for copies of pages from Principia for his research](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7515)

[\

"Newton's Library"](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7514)

[\

Letter published in Nature by Arthur Bruce Smith, December 1908](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7513)

[\

Letter published in Nature by Arthur Bruce Smith, April 1908](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7512)

[\

Newton's 'Principia' and its Influence](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7511)

[\

The University copy of Newton's Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7509)

[\

Gift to the University of Newton's Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7508)

[\

Letter from Walter Grey of Trinity College to Arthur Bruce Smith in 1908 identifying the handwriting of Dr. Roger Coates in this copy of Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7467)

[\

Letter from R. G. Donald to Barbara Bruce Smith in 1952 after an enquiry from the Curator of the Babson Institute Library](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7466)

[\

Letter from Verton Bruce Smith to Frederick H. Brasch, Chief of the Smithsonian in 1943, regarding the request for copies of pages from Principia for his research](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7465)

[\

Letter from Barbara Bruce Smith to Professor Stephen Roberts in 1961 regarding the gift of Principia with annotation from David Wood](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7463)

[\

Letter from Barbara Bruce Smith to Dr Andrew Delbridge Osborn in 1961 regarding the donation of Principia to the University of Sydney](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7462)

[\

Letter from Robert Blomfield to Dr. Andrew Osborn in 1961 regarding the donation of Principia to the University of Sydney](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7461)

[\

Letter from H. J. Carslaw to Barbara Bruce Smith in 1943 regarding correspondence from Mr Brasch around Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7460)

[\

Letter from Sir. Douglas Berry Copland to Barbara Bruce Smith in 1950 regarding the copies from Principia made for George Findlay Shirras](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7459)

[\

Letter from Henry Sotheran Ltd, booksellers to Arthur Bruce Smith in 1931 regarding the valuation of this copy of Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7458)

[\

Letter from G. Findlay Shirras to Barbara Bruce Smith in 1950, in thanks for photostat films of Principia](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7457)

Collections[Medieval and Early Modern collection](https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/8299)

*Annotated first edition copy of Newton's Principia*. University of Sydney Library, accessed 10/03/2026, https://digital.library.sydney.edu.au/nodes/view/7166

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console.log("T-idx: " + idx);
//Show default view (ORC/Transcript) on page load
transcriptionBlock.showOcrTranscriptionOnPageLoad(idx, texttype, textedit, textview)
var popLoaded = 1;
}
//@ST COSA-1324 : 2020-01-13. Function for image tag form validation.
function getFormValidation(obj, value, userLevel) {
// Old pattern that was creating issues with comma, see below
// var patternOld = /['<','>','&']/;
// Changed to new regex that accepts comma and still denies other characters https://recollectnz.atlassian.net/browse/R1X-6281
var pattern = /[<>&]/;
if (userLevel != "Administrator") {
if (pattern.test(value)) {
obj.previousElementSibling.style.opacity = 1;
$('.newrec').addClass('error\_form');
$('.submit')[1].children[0].setAttribute("disabled", "disabled");
} else {
obj.previousElementSibling.style.opacity = 0;
$('.newrec').removeClass('error\_form');
$('.submit')[1].children[0].removeAttribute("disabled");
} // if ENDS
} // if ENDS
} // function ENDS

$(document).ready(function() {
// @ST timeline script
var embed;
if (document.getElementById('timeline-embed') !== null) {
embed = document.getElementById('timeline-embed');
//embed.style.height = getComputedStyle(document.body).height;
window.timeline = new TL.Timeline('timeline-embed', Array, {
hash\_bookmark: false
});
window.addEventListener('resize', function() {
var embed = document.getElementById('timeline-embed');
//embed.style.height = getComputedStyle(document.body).height;
timeline.updateDisplay();
});
}
});

(function() {
//if it doesn't have "#back-forward" block set null
var $el = document.getElementById("back-forward") || null;
//if page doesn't have this element break function
if (!$el) return;
//small helpers
const getNewObj = (k, v) => {
return {
[k]: v
}
};
const parseReq = (str) => str.replace("?", "&").split("&").map(e => e.split("=")).filter(e => e[0] != "").map(e => getNewObj(e[0], e[1]));
const getValue = (obj) => Object.values(obj);
//encode array of the elements
var encoding = function(str) {
var result;
try {
result = btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(str)));
} catch (e) {
console.error("Error on ENCODING FUNCTION." + e);
}
return result;
}
//decode string
var decoding = function(str) {
var result;
try {
result = decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(decodeURIComponent(str))));
} catch (e) {
console.error("Error on DECODING FUNCTION." + e);
}
return result;
}
//parse string
var jsonParse = function(param) {
var result;
try {
result = JSON.parse(param);
} catch (e) {
console.error("Error on JSON PARSE FUNCTION." + e);
}
return result;
}
//XSS protection
var encodingHtmlEntities = function(str) {
return String(str).replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;'); //.replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
}
//get localStorageKey from URL
const localStorageKey = parseReq(window.location.search).filter(e => Object.keys(e) == "lsk");
const otherKeys = parseReq(window.location.search).filter(e => Object.keys(e) != "lsk");
let searchParam = "";
otherKeys.forEach(e => {
searchParam += "&" + Object.keys(e) + "=" + Object.values(e);
});
//if don't have a key in URL break function
if ((localStorageKey && localStorageKey.length === 0)) return;
//get key from string
const KEY = localStorageKey[0].lsk;
//this key doesn't have a data break function
if (!window.localStorage.getItem(KEY) && !window.sessionStorage.getItem(KEY)) return;
var cleanLocalStorage = function() {
for (let key in window.sessionStorage) {
if ((key != KEY) && (key != "\_" + KEY)) {
window.sessionStorage.removeItem(key);
}
}
}
if (Object.keys(window.sessionStorage).length > 1) {
cleanLocalStorage();
}
//return current ID
var getCurrentId = function() {
let path = window.location.pathname.split('/');
return path[path.length - 1];
}
//get position of element in an array
var getPositionInArray = function(sessionStorage) {
for (let i = 0; i < sessionStorage.length; i++) {
if (Object.keys(sessionStorage[i])[0] == getCurrentId()) {
return i;
}
}
return 0;
}
//get range
var ss\_getRange = function(sessionStorage) {
const array = jsonParse(decoding(sessionStorage));
let position = Number(getPositionInArray(array));
return range = {
prev: array[position - 1] ? array[position - 1] : {},
current: array[position] ? array[position] : {},
next: array[position + 1] ? array[position + 1] : {},
position
}
}
//generate object of position, index, page and length
var getPosition = function() {
let arr = jsonParse(decoding(currentStorage.searchSet));
let position = {
page: currentStorage.page,
index: getPositionInArray(arr),
length: arr.length
};
return position;
}
var getByPosition = function(array, idx) {
return jsonParse(decoding(array))[idx];
}
if (!window.sessionStorage.getItem(KEY)) {
window.sessionStorage.setItem("\_" + KEY, window.localStorage.getItem(KEY));
window.localStorage.removeItem(KEY);
}
//get initial information from LocalStorage
const searchResult = jsonParse(decoding(window.sessionStorage.getItem("\_" + KEY)));
const itemsSet = searchResult.itemsSet;
const searchReq = decoding(searchResult.request);
const pageCount = jsonParse(searchResult.pageCount);
const countElem = jsonParse(searchResult.countElem);
//set local variable
let perPage = jsonParse(searchResult.perPage);
let requestWasSent = false;
//SESSION SECTION
let sessionKey = KEY;
//get sessionStorage by key, if it's not exist set null
let sessionStorage = window.sessionStorage.getItem(sessionKey) || null;
let sessionItemSet = "";
if (sessionStorage) {
sessionItemSet = JSON.parse(sessionStorage).searchSet;
} else {
sessionItemSet = itemsSet;
}
//create local state
let currentStorage = {
page: jsonParse(searchResult.currentPage),
prevSearchSet: "",
searchSet: sessionItemSet,
nextSearchSet: "",
current: ss\_getRange(itemsSet).current,
prev: ss\_getRange(itemsSet).prev,
next: ss\_getRange(itemsSet).next,
position: ss\_getRange(itemsSet).position
}
var setSessionStorage = function() {
window.sessionStorage.setItem(sessionKey, JSON.stringify(currentStorage))
}
//if sessionStorage empty set it with initialState of currentStorage
//if sessionStorage has this key update it with new value
if (!sessionStorage) {
let range = ss\_getRange(itemsSet);
setSessionStorage();
pageNumber = searchResult.currentPage;
} else {
let currentArray = jsonParse(sessionStorage).searchSet;
let currentPage = jsonParse(sessionStorage).page;
let currentRange = ss\_getRange(currentArray);
currentStorage.page = jsonParse(sessionStorage).page;
// currentStorage.current = ss\_getRange(itemsSet).current;
// currentStorage.prev = ss\_getRange(itemsSet).prev;
// currentStorage.next = ss\_getRange(itemsSet).next;
// currentStorage.position = ss\_getRange(itemsSet).position;
currentStorage.current = ss\_getRange(jsonParse(sessionStorage).searchSet).current;
currentStorage.prev = ss\_getRange(jsonParse(sessionStorage).searchSet).prev;
currentStorage.next = ss\_getRange(jsonParse(sessionStorage).searchSet).next;
currentStorage.position = ss\_getRange(jsonParse(sessionStorage).searchSet).position;
currentStorage.prevSearchSet = jsonParse(sessionStorage).prevSearchSet;
currentStorage.nextSearchSet = jsonParse(sessionStorage).nextSearchSet;
if (currentStorage.position === 0 && currentStorage.prevSearchSet != "") {
let prevSet = currentStorage.prevSearchSet;
currentStorage.prev = getByPosition(prevSet, jsonParse(decoding(prevSet)).length - 1);
}
if (currentStorage.position === jsonParse(decoding(currentArray)).length - 1 && currentStorage.nextSearchSet != "") {
let nextSet = currentStorage.nextSearchSet;
currentStorage.next = getByPosition(nextSet, 0);
}
setSessionStorage();
}
let nextPage = currentStorage.page;
//update set of nodes array
var updateLocalStorage = function(data, searchReq, pageNum) {
let newitemsSet = data.nodes.map(e => e.Node).map(e => {
let x = {
[e.id]: e.title
};
return x;
});
let newSet = encoding(JSON.stringify(newitemsSet));
let range = ss\_getRange(currentStorage.searchSet);
if (currentStorage.position == 0) {
currentStorage.prev = getByPosition(newSet, newitemsSet.length - 1);
currentStorage.prevSearchSet = newSet;
}
if (currentStorage.position == (jsonParse(decoding(currentStorage.searchSet)).length - 1) && jsonParse(decoding(currentStorage.searchSet)).length > 1) {
currentStorage.next = getByPosition(newSet, 0);
currentStorage.nextSearchSet = newSet;
}
setSessionStorage();
createButtonsBlock();
}
var sendRequest = function(direction) {
let pageNum = 1;
if (direction.page == 1) {
pageNum = direction.index == 0 ? 1 : (Number(direction.page) + 1);
} else if (direction.page > 1 && direction.page < pageCount) {
pageNum = direction.index == 0 ? (Number(direction.page) - 1) : (Number(direction.page) + 1);
} else {
pageNum = direction.index == 0 ? (Number(direction.page) - 1) : pageCount;
}
const regex = /(page=\d\*)/ius;
let otherReq = searchReq != "" ? (regex.test(searchReq)) ? searchReq.replace(regex, `page=${pageNum}`) : `${searchReq}&page=${pageNum}` : `?page=${pageNum}`;
let newRequest = (searchReq != "" && regex.test(searchReq)) ? searchReq.replace(regex, `page=${pageNum}`) : otherReq;
$.get('/nodes/search\_result/1' + newRequest, data => updateLocalStorage(data, newRequest, pageNum));
}
var getNewArrayOfIds = async function(position) {
if (position.index != 0 && position.index != position.length - 1) {
return;
}
if (((Number(position.index) == position.length - 1) && (Number(position.page) < pageCount)) ||
((Number(position.index) == 0) && (Number(position.page) > 1 && Number(position.page) <= pageCount))) {
if (!requestWasSent) {
await sendRequest(position);
requestWasSent = true;
}
}
}
var getURL = function(pathname = false) {
if (pathname) {
return window.location.origin + window.location.pathname;
}
return window.location.origin;
}
var getParam = function() {
return window.location.search
}
// Added directionForAria - to allow a screen reader to announce 'next item:item title.'
// Unsure if it's safe to change the exisiing data-dir for this - it may be referenced somewhere else.
var createBtn = function(id, title, direct, directionForAria) {
return `<span>
<a href="${getURL()}/nodes/view/${id}?lsk=${KEY}${searchParam}" aria-label='${directionForAria} Item:${title}' title="${encodingHtmlEntities(title)}" data-dir='${direct}'><i class='fa fa-chevron-${direct}'></i></a>
</span>`;
}
var createButtonsBlock = function() {
let rangePrev = Object.keys(currentStorage.prev).length > 0 ? currentStorage.prev : 0;
let rangeNext = Object.keys(currentStorage.next).length > 0 ? currentStorage.next : 0;
let prev = rangePrev != 0 ? rangePrev : "none";
let next = rangeNext != 0 ? rangeNext : "none";
let prevBtn = "<a href='#' style='pointer-events: none;'><i class='fa fa-chevron-left'></i></a>";
let nextBtn = "<a href='#' style='pointer-events: none;'><i class='fa fa-chevron-right'></a>";
if (prev != "none") {
prevBtn = createBtn(Object.keys(prev), Object.values(prev), "left", "Previous");
prevId = Object.keys(prev);
}
if (next != "none") {
nextBtn = createBtn(Object.keys(next), Object.values(next), "right", "Next");
nextId = Object.keys(next);
}
let pos = getPosition();
getNewArrayOfIds(pos);
let arrCount = perPage > 0 ? perPage : 24;
let searchPos = Number(pos.page) == 1 ? (pos.index + 1) : (((Number(pos.page) - 1) \* arrCount) + (pos.index + 1));
$el.innerHTML = `<div class="nav-btn left-btn">${prevBtn}</div>
<div class="nav-btn result-btn">Result ${searchPos} from ${countElem}</div>
<div class="nav-btn bingo right-btn">${nextBtn}</i></div>`;
$('[data-dir="left"]').one('click', () => {
if (pos.index == 0) {
nextPage = currentStorage.page - 1;
}
});
$('[data-dir="right"]').one('click', () => {
if (pos.index == pos.length - 1) {
nextPage = currentStorage.page + 1;
}
});
}
createButtonsBlock();
window.addEventListener('beforeunload', (event) => {
// DF 2023-02-15 R1X-8549 Should not call event.preventDefault() if we don't want
// to propmt the "Are you sure you want to leave the page"-dialog.
if (window.sessionStorage.getItem(sessionKey)) {
if (currentStorage.nextSearchSet != "" || currentStorage.prevSearchSet != "") {
if (currentStorage.page != 1 || currentStorage.page != pageCount) {
if (nextPage > currentStorage.page) {
currentStorage.prevSearchSet = currentStorage.searchSet;
currentStorage.searchSet = currentStorage.nextSearchSet;
currentStorage.nextSearchSet = "";
currentStorage.next = {};
}
if (currentStorage.page > nextPage) {
currentStorage.nextSearchSet = currentStorage.searchSet;
currentStorage.searchSet = currentStorage.prevSearchSet;
currentStorage.prevSearchSet = "";
currentStorage.prev = {};
}
currentStorage.page = nextPage;
}
}
setSessionStorage();
}
}, {
once: true
});
//TO HIDE PARAMS. IT REMOVES PARAMS FROM URL
// history.pushState("", null, getURL(true));
})()

#back-forward {
display: flex;
width: 100%;
max-width: 100%;
justify-content: space-between;
box-sizing: border-box;
/\* margin: 5px 0 5px 5px; \*/
border-radius: 4px;
}
.nav-btn {
padding: 5px;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
}
.left-btn {
border-radius: 2px 0 0 2px;
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #e5e5ee;
}
.right-btn {
border-radius: 0 2px 2px 0;
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #e5e5ee;
}
.result-btn {
/\* font-size: 1.1em;
font-weight: 700; \*/
width: 100%;
border-top: 1px solid #e5e5ee;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5ee;
text-align: center;
}
#dialog-clone-form {
display: none;
}