# Glossary

**Source**: https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/
**Parent**: https://eflora.sydney.edu.au

[A](#A)
•
[B](#B)
•
[C](#C)
•
[D](#D)
•
[E](#E)
•
[F](#F)
•
[G](#G)
•
[H](#H)
•
[I](#I)
•
[J](#J)
•
[K](#K)
•
[L](#L)
•
[M](#M)
•
[N](#N)
•
[O](#O)
•
[P](#P)
•
[Q](#Q)
•
[R](#R)
•
[S](#S)
•
[T](#T)
•
[U](#U)
•
[V](#V)
•
[W](#W)
•
[X](#X)
•Y•
[Z](#Z)

### A

- [Abaxial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/abaxial "The side or face of a lateral organ away from the axis, such as the lower surface of a leaf: dorsal.")
- [Abortive](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/abortive "imperfectly developed; defective; barren.")
- [Accumbent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/accumbent "(of cotyledons) those which have edges curved against the radicle.")
- [Achene](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/achene "a dry indehiscent fruit, formed from a superior ovary of one carpel and containing one seed which is free from the pericarp.")
- [Acicular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/acicular "needle-shaped.")
- [Acroscopic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/acroscopic "pointing towards the apex.")
- [Acrostichoid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/acrostichoid "resembling the fern genus Acrostichum.")
- [Acrostichoid sori](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/acrostichoid-sori "densely covering the dorsal surface without having distinct sori.")
- [Actinomorphic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/actinomorphic "(of flowers) having a radially symmetrical perianth. Flower can be bisected symmetrically at any point")
- [Aculeate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/aculeate "prickly.")
- [Acuminate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/acuminate "tapering to a point.")
- [Acute](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/acute "pointed; sharp.")
- [Adaxial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/adaxial "the side or face turned towards the axis, such as the upper surface of the leaf; ventral.")
- [Adhesion](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/adhesion "the sticking together of floral parts of different whorls without organic fusion.")
- [Adnate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/adnate "organically fused to another but different kind of part, e.g. stamens to petals;")
- [Adventitious](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/adventitious "arising in irregular or anomalous positions.")
- [Aerial roots](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/aerial-roots "adventitious roots growing in the air.")
- [Aestivation](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/aestivation "the arrangement of the petals and sepals in the unexpanded bud.")
- [Aggregate fruit](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/aggregate-fruit "the aggregation of fruits derived from an apocarpous gynoecium.")
- [Alate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/alate "winged.")
- [Alternate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/alternate "arranged singly at different heights on the axis and in 2 rows longitudinally; commonly used also to include spiral arrangement.")
- [Amphibious](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/amphibious "growing on land or in water; growing with part of the plant in mud or water and with part in the air.")
- [Anadromous venation](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/anadromous-venation "a type of venation in which the first set of veins is given off on the upper side of the midrib towards the apex as in Polystichum.")
- [Anastomose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/anastomose "to form a network.")
- [Anatropous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/anatropous "(of ovules) having the micropyle facing the placenta; inverted.")
- [Androecium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/androecium "the stamens collectively.")
- [Androgynophore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/androgynophore "a stalk bearing male and/or female parts of flower")
- [Angiosperm](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/angiosperm "plant with seeds enclosed in an ovary.")
- [Annual](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/annual "plant completing its life cycle within one year after germination, and then dying.")
- [Annular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/annular "in the form of a ring.")
- [Annulus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/annulus "the elastic ring of cells in the sporangium of a fern; a ring.")
- [Anomalous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/anomalous "irregular; abnormal.")
- [Anterior](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/anterior "towards or in the front; that side of a flower away from the main axis.")
- [Anther](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/anther "part of the stamen which produces the pollen and consisting of the microsporangium and connective.")
- [Anthocarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/anthocarp "a false fruit consisting of true fruit which is surrounded  by the base of the perianth eg. Nyctaginaceae")
- [Antrorse](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/antrorse "bent towards apex")
- [Apiculate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/apiculate "with a small abrupt point.")
- [Apocarpous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/apocarpous "applied to a gynoecium which consists of several free or slightly coherent or basally connate carpels.")
- [Appendage](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/appendage "an attachment developed on, and projecting from, the surface of an organ.")
- [Appressed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/appressed "pressed up against another organ.")
- [Aquatic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/aquatic "(plant) growing in water.")
- [Arachnoid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/arachnoid "cobweb-like; formed of tangled hairs or fibres.")
- [Arborescent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/arborescent "growing to the size of a tree; resembling a tree in habit of growth.")
- [Areola](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/areola "a space in any reticulated surface, e.g. space between veins.")
- [Aril](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/aril "an expansion of the funicle growing partially or wholly over the testa of certain seeds.")
- [Aristate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/aristate "bearing, or tapering to, a bristle.")
- [Article](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/article "a joint;")
- [Articulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/articulate "having nodes; having joints where separation takes place; jointed.")
- [Ascending](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ascending "growing obliquely at first but finally upwards; rising or growing up.")
- [Auricle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/auricle "an ear-like appendage at the base of a leaf or of a pinna or pinnule.")
- [Autotroph](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/autotroph "plant capable of synthesizing its food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy. eg. green plants.")
- [Awn](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/awn "a straight or bent, bristle-like, branched or unbranched appendage.")
- [Axil](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/axil "the upper angle between the axis and any organ which arises from it, especially a leaf or bract.")
- [Axile](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/axile "on the axis; e.g. in axile placentation where the placentas are on the central axis of the ovary.")

### B

- [Barbed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/barbed "bearing sharp spine-like hooks which are bent backwards.")
- [Barbellate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/barbellate "finely barbed.")
- [Barren](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/barren "sterile.")
- [Basal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/basal "attached or grouped at the base")
- [Basifixed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/basifixed "attached at or near the base.")
- [Basipetal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/basipetal "developing in the direction of the base.")
- [Basiscopic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/basiscopic "pointing towards the base.")
- [Beak](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/beak "a pointed projection.")
- [Bearded](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bearded "having a tuft or tufts of hairs.")
- [Berry](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/berry "an indehiscent succulent fruit having the pericarp differentiated into the epicarp (skin) and pulp containing usually many (sometimes one) seeds.")
- [Bi](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bi "prefix signifying two or twice.")
- [Bicolorous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bicolorous "having two colours.")
- [Biennial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/biennial "a plant which lives for more than one but less than two years.")
- [Bifid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bifid "divided at one end into two parts.")
- [Bifoliate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bifoliate "two-leaved.")
- [Bifurcate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bifurcate "divide(d) into two; fork(ed).")
- [Bilateral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bilateral "having two sides;")
- [Bipartite](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bipartite "divided into two nearly to the base.")
- [Bipinnate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bipinnate "twice pinnately divided.")
- [Bisexual](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bisexual "having both fertile male and female organs in the same flower.")
- [Biternate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/biternate "divided into three with each segment divided again into three.")
- [Bole](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bole "the trunk of a tree up to the first branch.")
- [Bract](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bract "leaf-like structure or scale that subtends an inflorescence or flower.")
- [Bracteate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bracteate "having bracts.")
- [Bracteole](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bracteole "a small bract situated on the pedicel below a flower but not subtending it, usually paired in dicotyledons and single in monocotyledons.")
- [Bristle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bristle "a short stiff hair.")
- [Bulb](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bulb "storage organ consisting of a short, underground stem surrounded by swollen leaf-bases and outer, dry, protective leaf-bases.")
- [Bulbel](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bulbel "a bulb arising from a mother bulb.")
- [Bulbiferous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bulbiferous "bearing bulbs.")
- [Bulbil](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bulbil "a small bulb in the axil of a scale or foliage leaf; a deciduous, axillary bud produced in the leaf axils of certain ferns.")
- [Bulbous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bulbous "bulb-shaped.")
- [Bullate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/bullate "applied to leaves when the spaces between the veins present convexities on one side and concavities on the other; bubble-like.")
- [Burr](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/burr "a rough or prickly compound structure developed from a seed or fruit and associated appendages (bracts, perianth, etc.).")

### C

- [Caducous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/caducous "falling off early.")
- [Caespitose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/caespitose "tufted.")
- [Callous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/callous "hardened and abnormally thickened.")
- [Callus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/callus "an abnormally thickened part appearing as a knot or lump;")
- [Calyculus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/calyculus "a fringe or ring of tissue below the perianth of the flower of Loranthaceae.")
- [Calyptra](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/calyptra "the cap-like covering surmounting some flowers and consisting of connate perianth segments.")
- [Calyx](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/calyx "the sepals collectively.")
- [Campanulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/campanulate "bell-shaped.")
- [Campylotropous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/campylotropous "applied to an ovule which is curved so that the axis is at right angles to the funicle.")
- [Canopy](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/canopy "the cover of foliage of a plant community or layer of a plant community.")
- [Capillary](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/capillary "hair-like.")
- [Capitate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/capitate "and globular at the tip: formed like a head.")
- [Capsule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/capsule "a dry, dehiscent fruit of two or more carpels.")
- [Carpel](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/carpel "a unit of the gynoecium in which one or more ovules are enclosed. It is usually divided into stigma, style, and ovary.")
- [Carpellodes](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/carpellodes "sterile carpels")
- [Carpophore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/carpophore "the persistent, filiform, central axis which supports the two mericarps of Apiaceae.")
- [Cartilaginous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cartilaginous "hard and tough and resembling cartilage.")
- [Caruncle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/caruncle "a warty protuberance near the hilum of a seed.")
- [Caryopsis](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/caryopsis "a dry, indehiscent fruit formed from a unilocular, superior ovary (probable 3- or 2- carpellary) of the Gramineae (Poaceae) and containing one seed closely fused to the pericarp.")
- [Catadromous venation](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/catadromous-venation "a type of venation in which the first set of veins is given off on the lower side of the midrib as in most species of Lastreopsis.")
- [Catkin](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/catkin "an inflorescence consisting of unisexual, apetalous flowers arranged in a compact spike.")
- [Cauda](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cauda "slender, elongated portion of perianth segments of some orchids.")
- [Caudex](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/caudex "a compact axis consisting of stem and sometimes root;")
- [Caudicle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/caudicle "the thread supporting the pollen-masses of orchids.")
- [Cauline](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cauline "pertaining to the stem; attached to the stem.")
- [Chalaza](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/chalaza "the part of an ovule to which the extremity of the funicle is attached.")
- [Chestnut](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/chestnut "dark red-brown.")
- [Ciliate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ciliate "having the margin fringed with hairs.")
- [Cilium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cilium "a (short) hair.")
- [Circinnate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/circinnate "coiled from the apex downward.")
- [Circumscissile](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/circumscissile "opening or divided by a transverse line around the circumference so that the top comes off like a lid.")
- [Cladode](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cladode "a stem which takes on the function of a leaf and which bears scale-leaves.")
- [Clathrate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/clathrate "in the form of a lattice.")
- [Clavate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/clavate "club-shaped.")
- [Claw](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/claw "(1) the narrowed base of a petal,sepal, bract or similar structure; ")
- [Cleistogamous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cleistogamous "applied to flowers which never open, but which are fertile and self-pollinated.")
- [cm](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cm "centimeter.")
- [Cochlear](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cochlear "a type of aestivation.")
- [Coenosori](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/coenosori "sori which have united.")
- [Cohesion](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cohesion "the sticking together of floral parts of the same whorl without organic fusion.")
- [Collateral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/collateral "lying one beside the other.")
- [Columella](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/columella "the persistent, central axis in some fruits and cones.")
- [Column](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/column "an upgrowth of the axis above the ovary of orchids which incorporates styles, stigmas and stamens.")
- [Coma](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/coma "a tuft of long hairs on the testa of some seeds.")
- [Commissure](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/commissure "a joint or seam.")
- [Community (of plants)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/community-(of-plants) "any assemblage of plants.")
- [Compound head](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/compound-head "an inflorescence made up of a number of heads arranged in a large head.")
- [Compound leaf](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/compound-leaf "a leaf divided to the base or midvein into leaflets.")
- [Compound umbel](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/compound-umbel "an inflorescence made up of a number of umbels arranged in a large umbel.")
- [Compressed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/compressed "flattened laterally.")
- [Conduplicate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/conduplicate "(of cotyledons) those which are folded so that they almost surround the radical")
- [Cone](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cone "a compact group of sporophylls (male or female) borne (usually spirally) on a central axis.")
- [Congested](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/congested "crowded.")
- [Connate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/connate "organically fused to one or more members of the same whorl.")
- [Connective](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/connective "the part of the anther that connects the lobes.")
- [Connivent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/connivent "lying or standing side by side, but not touching or fused.")
- [Contorted](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/contorted "twisted; convolute.")
- [Contracted](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/contracted "narrowed or shortened.")
- [Convolute](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/convolute "rolled so that the margins overlap.")
- [Cordate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cordate "heart-shaped (often applied to bases only).")
- [Coriaceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/coriaceous "leathery.")
- [Corm](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/corm "a short, swollen, upright, underground stem formed annually in the stem-base and in which food reserves are stored. It is surrounded by dry, protective leaf-bases.")
- [Cormel](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cormel "a small corm in the axil of a leaf of a larger corm.")
- [Cormil](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cormil "a small corm or corm-like bud in the axil of a foliage leaf or bract.")
- [Corolla](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/corolla "the petals collectively.")
- [Corona](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/corona "a ring of tissue arising from the base of the corolla, perianth or filaments of a flower and standing between the perianth lobes and the stamens")
- [Corymb](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/corymb "a racemose inflorescence in which all the flowers, although they originate at different levels on the stem, are ultimately borne at about the same level.")
- [Costa](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/costa "the mid vein of a pinna.")
- [Costate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/costate "ribbed.")
- [Costule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/costule "the mid-vein of a pinnule or segment of lesser order, except the central vein of an ultimate segment which is usually called the midrib or mid-vein.")
- [Cotyledon](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cotyledon "a seed-leaf of the embryo of a seed plant.")
- [Crenate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/crenate "the margin cut regularly into rounded teeth or lobes.")
- [Crenulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/crenulate "slightly crenate.")
- [Crisped](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/crisped "curled, very wavy or crumpled.")
- [Critically Endangered](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/critically-endangered "listed under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995")
- [Crown](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/crown "the part of a tree or shrub above the first branching.")
- [Cruciform](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cruciform "in the form of a cross.")
- [Ctenitis-hair](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ctenitis-hair "a short, articulated, unbranched, redish hair.")
- [Culm](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/culm "aerial stem of grasses, sedges and rushes.")
- [Cultrate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cultrate "very narrow-oblong.")
- [Cuneate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cuneate "wedge-shaped.")
- [Cupular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cupular "cup-shaped.")
- [Cyanogenetic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cyanogenetic "producing hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid) as a result of the hydrolysis of a cyanogenetic glycoside.")
- [Cyathiform](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cyathiform "cup-like.")
- [Cyathium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cyathium "inflorescence of Euphorbia and related genera.")
- [Cyme](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cyme "an inflorescence in which the terminal flower terminates the growth of the main axis which is replaced by one or two lateral buds, the process being repeated throughout the inflorescence. ")
- [Cypsela](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/cypsela "the fruit of members of the family Asteraceae; i.e. an inferior nut.")

### D

- [Deciduous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/deciduous "falling seasonally (e.g. leaves and bark of some trees, parts of the flower).")
- [Decorticating](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/decorticating "shedding the outer bark, usually in long strips.")
- [Decompound](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/decompound "a leaf having divisions that are themselves compound")
- [Decumbent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/decumbent "reclining but with the summit ascending (applied to branches whose lower portions lie on or near the ground while the tips grow upwards).")
- [Decurrent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/decurrent "extending downward beyond the place of insertion (applied to pinnae, leaves or petioles when their edges are continued downwards forming raised lines).")
- [Decurved](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/decurved "bent downward in a curve")
- [Decussate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/decussate "in pairs alternately at right angles.")
- [Definite](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/definite "of a precise and constant number, as of stamens in a flower;")
- [Deflexed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/deflexed "bent sharply downwards.")
- [Dehiscence](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dehiscence "the manner in which the wall of a mature organ ruptures to allow the contents to escape.")
- [Dehiscent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dehiscent "opening or bursting at maturity.")
- [Deltoid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/deltoid "of the shape of the Greek letter Δ (delta); triangular.")
- [Dendritic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dendritic "branched like a tree.")
- [Dentate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dentate "toothed.")
- [Denticulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/denticulate "finely toothed.")
- [Depressed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/depressed "flattened endwise or from above.")
- [Diadelphous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/diadelphous "applied to stamens when they are united by their filaments into two clusters.")
- [Dichasium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dichasium "a cyme in which two new, equal floral axes arise in turn opposite each other and beneath each flower after the latter has terminated growth.")
- [Dichopodial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dichopodial "when an axis repeatedly forks giving rise to a bifurcation where a bud is seated in the fork.")
- [Dichotomous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dichotomous "divided into two approximately equal branches.")
- [Dicotyledons](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dicotyledons "A group of Angiosperms (Magnoliopsida) whose embryos have two cotyledons.")
- [Dictyostele](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dictyostele "a stele with large overlapping leaf-gaps.")
- [Diffuse](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/diffuse "spreading and much branched.")
- [Digitate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/digitate "branching from the axis (from a stem or a petiole) like fingers from a hand.")
- [Dimidiate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dimidiate "applied to organs in which partial imperfections exist, e.g. in the pinnae of Adiantum spp. where the lamina is fully developed on one side of the midrib only.")
- [Dimorphous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dimorphous "occurring in two forms.")
- [Dioecism](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dioecism- "the condition of a species having unisexual flowers of which male and female are borne on different plants.")
- [Disarticulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/disarticulate "to separate at a joint.")
- [Disc](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/disc "a plate (almost circular) of tissue found sometimes between the whorls of floral segments;")
- [Disc flower](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/disc-flower "flower (usually tubular) borne on the central portion of the heads of some Asteraceae.")
- [Dissected](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dissected "divided into segments.")
- [Dissepiment](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dissepiment "vertical septum in the interior of an ovary dividing it wholly or partially into 2 or more parts.")
- [Distal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/distal "remote from; at the end.")
- [Distichous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/distichous "arranged in two opposite rows.")
- [Divaricate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/divaricate "extremely divergent; straggling.")
- [Domatia](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/domatia "small pocket, depression or group of hairs on the undersurface of a leaf usually at the point were the midvein and lateral veins converge")
- [Dorsal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dorsal "pertaining to, or attached to, the back of an organ.")
- [Dorsifixed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dorsifixed "attached at or by the back.")
- [Dorsiventral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dorsiventral "structurally different upper and lower surfaces.")
- [Drupaceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/drupaceous "applied to fruit with a structure of a drupe, but derived from more than 1 carpel.")
- [Drupe](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/drupe "a succulent indehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel and having the pericarp differentiated into epicarp (skin), soft mesocarp and stony endocarp.")
- [Drupel](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/drupel "small drupe in an aggregate fruit.")
- [Dune](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/dune "mound (usually of definite shape) of blown sand.")

### E

- [Echinate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/echinate "covered with long and sharp almost prickly protuberances.")
- [Echinulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/echinulate "having tiny prickles.")
- [Elater](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/elater "one of the four hygroscopic bodies developing from the perispore.")
- [Emarginate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/emarginate "notched at the summit or apex.")
- [Embryo](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/embryo "a young plant within the seed or within the archegonium.")
- [Endangered](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/endangered "listed under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995")
- [Endemic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/endemic "peculiar to a particular geographic region.")
- [Endocarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/endocarp "the innermost layer of a layered pericarp, identified only when it is stony.")
- [Endosperm](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/endosperm "nutritive tissue developed in seeds; in Magnoliopsida (Angiosperms) it develops from the triple fusion nucleus; in Cycadopsida and Coniferopsida it is the female gametophyte.")
- [Entire](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/entire "without division, incision, or separation.")
- [Ephemeral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ephemeral "short-lived; annual.")
- [Epicalyx](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/epicalyx "involucre outside the true calyx and resembling a second calyx.")
- [Epicarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/epicarp "the outermost layer of the pericarp; the skin.")
- [Epidermis](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/epidermis "the outer layer of cells of all parts of plants.")
- [Epigynous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/epigynous "referring to stamens (sometimes also to sepals and petals) which are attached to a floral tube which is fused to the ovary).")
- [Epipetalous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/epipetalous "(of stamens) borne on the petals.")
- [Epiphyte](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/epiphyte "a plant perched, but not parasitic on, another plant or other object.")
- [Erecto-patent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/erecto-patent "between spreading and erect.")
- [Ericoid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ericoid "(of leaves) small and sharply pointed like those of the heaths.")
- [Excurrent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/excurrent "where the vein runs through the apex of a segment and projects beyond it as a mucro.")
- [Exfoliate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/exfoliate "to come away in scales or flakes.")
- [Exindusiate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/exindusiate "without an indusium.")
- [Exotic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/exotic "introduced from abroad.")
- [Exsert(ed)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/exsert(ed) "projecting beyond the surrounding parts.")
- [Extinct](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/extinct "listed under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995")
- [Extrorse](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/extrorse "(of stamens) opening towards the circumference of the flower.")

### F

- [Facultative](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/facultative "occasional; not essential; incidental.")
- [Falcate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/falcate "sickle-shaped.")
- [Family](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/family "a taxonomically related group of genera.")
- [Farinaceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/farinaceous "consisting of starch; floury.")
- [Fascicles](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/fascicles- "bundles or clusters.")
- [Ferruginous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ferruginous "of the colour of rusty iron.")
- [Fertilization](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/fertilization "the union of gametes.")
- [Fibrillose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/fibrillose "furnished with hair-like appendages.")
- [-fid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/-fid " cleft or branched, e.g. 2-fid, 3-fid.")
- [Filament](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/filament "any thread-like body;")
- [Filamentous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/filamentous "thread-like.")
- [Fimbriate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/fimbriate "fringed with fine hairs.")
- [Fistular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/fistular "hollow throughout its length.")
- [Flabellate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/flabellate "fan-shaped.")
- [Flaccid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/flaccid "limp; flabby.")
- [Flexuous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/flexuous "bent alternately in opposite directions; zig-zagged.")
- [Floccose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/floccose "having tufts of soft woolly hairs.")
- [Flora](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/flora "the assemblage of plant taxa of any area;")
- [Floral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/floral "belonging to the flower or seated near the flower.")
- [Floral leaves](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/floral-leaves "leaves subtending flowers.")
- [Floral tube](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/floral-tube "a usually tubular or cup-like structure present in some flowers and interpreted as the fused basal portions of the androecium and perianth or as an upgrowth of the receptacle. It may be free or adnate to the part or whole of the ovary. The Hypanthium of some authors.")
- [Floret](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/floret "the flower of Asteraceae;")
- [Flower](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/flower "the sexual reproductive structure of the Magnoliopsida (Angiosperms) usually consisting of gynoecium, androecium, and perianth.")
- [Foetid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/foetid "having an offensive odour.")
- [Foliaceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/foliaceous "leaf-like.")
- [Foliolate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/foliolate "bearing leaflets, e.g. 3- (or tri-)foliolate, having 3 leaflets.")
- [Follicle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/follicle "a dry dehiscent fruit formed from 1 carpel and having 1 longitudinal line of dehiscence.")
- [Forest](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/forest "a closed community dominated by trees which have flat-topped crowns and long boles.")
- [Forest, Dry Sclerophyll (DSF)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/forest,-dry-sclerophyll-(dsf) "a forest in which xeromorphic shrubs form a continuous or discontinuous layer below the trees.")
- [Forest, Rain (RF)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/forest,-rain-(rf) "a forest dominated by trees usually with mesomorphic leaves, few herbs, but lianas and epiphytes often abundant.")
- [Forest, Wet Sclerophyll (WSF)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/forest,-wet-sclerophyll-(wsf) "a forest in which mesomorphic shrubs form a usually continuous layer below the trees.")
- [Free](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/free "united with any other part.")
- [Frond](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/frond "part of the fern plant that is analogous to the leaf.")
- [Fruit](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/fruit "the seed bearing structure developed from the ovary of Magnoliopsida (Angiosperms) after fertilization.")
- [Funicle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/funicle "the stalk of an ovule.")
- [Fused](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/fused "joined and growing together.")
- [Fusiform](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/fusiform "spindle-shaped; cigar-shaped.")

### G

- [Gene](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/gene "an hereditary factor which, either alone or in conjunction with another gene or genes, produces a character in an organism.")
- [Geniculate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/geniculate "abruptly bent so as to resemble a knee-joint.")
- [Genus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/genus "taxonomic group of closely related species.")
- [Gibbous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/gibbous "more convex in one place than another; lobed with a short obtuse spur or swelling.")
- [Glabrous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/glabrous "without hairs.")
- [Gland](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/gland "a structure, embedded or projecting, which secretes such substances as nectar or oil.")
- [Glandular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/glandular "having glands.")
- [Glaucous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/glaucous "dull green with a whitish blue lustre.")
- [Glochidiate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/glochidiate "having barbed bristles.")
- [Glumaceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/glumaceous "resembling a glume.")
- [Glume](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/glume "bract subtending the flower in the spikelet of Cyperaceae;")
- [Glutinous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/glutinous "covered with a sticky exudation.")
- [Grain](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/grain "the fruit of grasses.")
- [Grass](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/grass "a member of the family Poaceae.")
- [Grassland](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/grassland "plant community, either natural or induced, which is dominated by grasses.")
- [Gymnosperm](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/gymnosperm "seed plants whose ovules are not enclosed in an ovary (in this Flora divided into the Cycadophyta and Pinophyta).")
- [Gynobasic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/gynobasic "applied to a style which extends to the base of, or into a pit in the top of, a gynoecium between the carpels or articles.")
- [Gynoecium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/gynoecium "the carpels of one flower collectively.")
- [Gynophore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/gynophore "the stalk of a superior ovary.")
- [Gynostegium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/gynostegium "formed when stamens and style are  fused and form a central collumn. Found often in plants of the Apocynaceae")

### H

- [Habit](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/habit "the general appearance of a plant, including size, shape, growth-form and disposition of its various parts.")
- [Habitat](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/habitat "the environment in which the plant lives; the natural abode of a plant.")
- [Hair](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hair "an epidermal appendage consisting of one elongated cell or a number of cells.")
- [Halophyte](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/halophyte "a plant which grows in and tolerates salty places or one which accumulates salt.")
- [Hastate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hastate "triangular with spreading basal lobes.")
- [Haustoria](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/haustoria "organ of parasitic plant which is attached to the host plant and absorbs nutrients ")
- [Head](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/head "a racemose inflorescence of sessile flowers crowded together on a receptacle and usually surrounded by an involucre.")
- [Heath](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/heath "a plant community dominated by small shrubs (usually less than 2 metres high) which usually have ericoid leaves.")
- [Hemi](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hemi "half.")
- [Herb](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/herb "a plant which does not produce a woody stem.")
- [Herbaceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/herbaceous "pertaining to herbs. When applied to the texture of a leaf or frond, midway between membranous and coriaceous, not succulent.")
- [Hermaphrodite](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hermaphrodite "bearing both male and female sex organs in the same flower.")
- [Hilum](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hilum "the scar left on the testa of a seed at the spot where it was attached to the funicle or placenta.")
- [Hip](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hip "the aggregate fruit of Rosa.")
- [Hirsute](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hirsute "covered with long spreading hairs.")
- [Hispid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hispid "densely covered with short stiff hairs or bristles.")
- [Hoary](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hoary "covered with hairs so short as not readily to be distinguished by the naked eye and yet giving the surface a greyish hue.")
- [Homosporous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/homosporous "producing only one morphologically distinct kind of spore from which develops a gametophyte producing both male and female gametes.")
- [Hyaline](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hyaline "translucent and usually colourless.")
- [Hyalo-membranous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hyalo-membranous "hyaline and membranous.")
- [Hybrid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hybrid "(as used here) offspring of two plants of different taxa.")
- [Hybrid swarm](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hybrid-swarm "the population of plants resulting from the backcrossing of a hybrid with one or both of the parents.")
- [Hydathode](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hydathode "a water-excreting opening in the enlarged tip of a vein.")
- [Hydrophyte](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hydrophyte "a plant growing submerged, or almost so, in water.")
- [Hypogynous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/hypogynous "referring to stamens (sometimes also to petals and sepals) which are attached to the receptacle below the gynoecium. The floral tube is absent.")

### I

- [Imbricate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/imbricate "with the edges overlapping.")
- [Immersed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/immersed "embedded in an organ.")
- [Imparipinnate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/imparipinnate "pinnate with an odd terminal leaflet.")
- [Incumbent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/incumbent "(of cotyledons) with the back of one lying against the radicle.")
- [Incurved](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/incurved "bending or curved inwards or upwards.")
- [Indefinite](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/indefinite "(of floral parts) too many to be counted easily;")
- [Indehiscent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/indehiscent "not opening at maturity.")
- [Indumentum](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/indumentum "general term for the hairy covering of plants.")
- [Induplicate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/induplicate "with the edges bent inward and the external face of these edges applied to each other without twisting.")
- [Indusium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/indusium "any covering of a sorus whether a modified organ or merely the incurved margin of the pinna;")
- [Inferior ovary](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/inferior-ovary "one to which the sepals or floral tube are apparently attached; one to which the floral tube is fused.")
- [Inflexed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/inflexed "bent inwards; incurved.")
- [Inflorescence](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/inflorescence "a group of flowers borne on one stem; the way in which flowers are arranged on a stem.")
- [Infra](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/infra "below (eg. infraterminal)")
- [Integument](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/integument "a covering; one of the outer layers of tissue on an ovule")
- [Interjugary glands](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/interjugary-glands "the additional glands occurring along the leaf rhachis between the insertion of successive pairs of pinnae, occurring below the single and often slightly larger gland which is found at or just below the insertions of these pinnae.")
- [Intermediate leaves](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/intermediate-leaves "leaves which develop after the juvenile and before the mature leaves in plants which have dimorphic foliage.")
- [Internode](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/internode "the portion of the stem between successive nodes.")
- [Interpetiolar](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/interpetiolar "between the petioles of opposite leaves (applied to stipules).")
- [Interrupted](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/interrupted "(of inflorescences) with the flowers in distinct clusters and with bare rhachis between the clusters.")
- [Intramarginal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/intramarginal "situated within the margin and near the edge.")
- [Introrse](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/introrse "turned inward; towards the axis.")
- [Involucre](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/involucre "a whorl or several whorls of bracts surrounding an inflorescence, a flower or a cone;")
- [Involute](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/involute "folded inwards or backwards.")
- [Ironbark](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ironbark "a eucalypt tree whose bark is dark-coloured, hard, deeply furrowed, and often impregnated with kino.")
- [Irregular flower](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/irregular-flower "a flower which has one or more of its perianth segments very dissimilar in shape from the others of the whorl; a bilaterally symmetrical flower.")
- [Isobilateral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/isobilateral "having the same structure on both sides.")
- [Isomerous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/isomerous "having segments of successive whorls equal in number.")

### J

- [Joint](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/joint "articulation;")
- [Juvenile leaves](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/juvenile-leaves "the first-formed leaves, especially when they differ from the mature leaves.")

### K

- [Keel](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/keel "a ridge, usually on the back, like the keel of a boat;")
- [Kino](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/kino "reddish, astringent exudation from the bark or wood of some trees (Myrtaceae).")

### L

- [Labellum](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/labellum "one of the petals of orchids (and a few other plants) usually differentiated in form and size from the two lateral petals.")
- [Laciniate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/laciniate "cut into narrow slender teeth or lobes.")
- [Lamina](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lamina "expanded portion of a leaf or fern frond; leaf blade.")
- [Lanate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lanate "woolly.")
- [Lanceolate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lanceolate "narrow and tapering at each end and more than 4 times as long as broad.")
- [Lateral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lateral "on or near the sides of an organ; arising from a leaf axil.")
- [Lax](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lax "loose, not compact.")
- [Leaflet](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/leaflet "a separate portion of a compound leaf.")
- [Leaf-opposed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/leaf-opposed "opposite to a stem leaf.")
- [Legume](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/legume "a dry dehiscent fruit formed from a single carpel and having 2 longitudinal lines of dehiscence;")
- [Lemma](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lemma "the lower of two bracts enclosing the flower of a grass.")
- [Lemma, staminate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lemma,-staminate "a lemma enclosing a male flower.")
- [Lemma, sterile](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lemma,-sterile "an empty lemma.")
- [Lenticular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lenticular "disc shaped with convex sides")
- [Liana](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/liana "a climbing or twining plant.")
- [Lignotuber](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lignotuber "a woody swelling, partly or wholly underground, at the base of the stem of certain plants and containing numerous cortical buds.")
- [Ligulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ligulate "strap-shaped.")
- [Ligule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ligule "membranous or hairy outgrowth at the inner junction of the leaf sheath and blade of grasses;")
- [Limb](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/limb "the upper free and often spreading portion of a connate corolla.")
- [Linear](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/linear "long and narrow with parallel sides.")
- [Littoral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/littoral "belonging to, or growing near, the sea.")
- [Loculicidal dehiscence](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/loculicidal-dehiscence "dehiscence of a capsule in such a way that the openings occur in the carpel walls and not at the septa or repla.")
- [Loculus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/loculus "compartment within an ovary.")
- [Lodicule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lodicule "one of two scales below the stamens and ovary of a grass and regarded as reduced perianth.")
- [Lomentum](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lomentum "a dry fruit derived from 1 carpel, which breaks up transversely into (usually) 1-seeded articles at maturity.")
- [Lunate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lunate "crescent shaped.")
- [Lyrate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/lyrate "pinnatifid with the terminal lobe much larger than the others; lyre shaped.")

### M

- [m](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/m "metre.")
- [Mallee](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mallee "a shrub with many stems arising from a lignotuber (usually applied to eucalypts only).")
- [Mangrove](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mangrove "a shrub or small tree growing in salt or brackish water and with aerial pneumatophores.")
- [Marginal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/marginal "placed upon or attached to the edge.")
- [Maritime](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/maritime "belonging to the sea; confined to the sea coast.")
- [Marsh](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/marsh "a waterlogged area; swamp.")
- [Massula](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/massula "the hardened mucilage enclosing a cluster of microspores in Azolla and Salvinia.")
- [Mealy](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mealy "covered with coarse flour-like powder.")
- [Megasporangium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/megasporangium "the sporangium producing megaspores.")
- [Megaspore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/megaspore "the larger (female) spore of heterosporous plants.")
- [Membranous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/membranous "thin and translucent.")
- [Mericarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mericarp "a unicarpellary unit formed by the dehiscence of a schizocarp.")
- [-merous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/-merous "a suffix used to refer to the number of parts, e.g. 5-merous meaning that each floral whorl contains 5 segments (possibly excepting the gynoecium).")
- [Mesocarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mesocarp "the middle layer, usually fleshy, of a 3-layered pericarp.")
- [Mesomorphic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mesomorphic "soft and with little fibrous tissue, but not succulent.")
- [Microphyllous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/microphyllous "(of leaves) small (usually less than 2cm long), and usually hard and narrow.")
- [Microsporangium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/microsporangium "a sporangium producing microspores.")
- [Microspore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/microspore "smaller (male) sexual spore of a heterosporous plant.")
- [Microsporocarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/microsporocarp "a body containing the microsporangia.")
- [Midrib](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/midrib "the principal vein which runs from the base to the apex of the leaf.")
- [Minute](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/minute "so small as to be difficult to see with the naked eye.")
- [Mixed sporangia](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mixed-sporangia "sporangia of different ages.")
- [mm](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mm "millimeter.")
- [Monangial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monangial "used of a sorus containing one sporangium.")
- [Moniliform](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/moniliform "constricted and appearing bead-like.")
- [Monochasium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monochasium "a cymose inflorescence with a single branch at each node.")
- [Monocotyledon](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monocotyledon "a group of Magnoliopsida (Angiosperms) whose embryos have one cotyledon.")
- [Monodelphous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monodelphous "stamens which have their filaments united to form one bundle.")
- [Monoecious](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monoecious "having unisexual flowers of which both male and female are borne on the same plant.")
- [Monolete](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monolete "spore with a single straight tetrad on the proximal face.")
- [Monomorphic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monomorphic "having only one form.")
- [Monopodial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monopodial "referring to a stem with a single main axis which produces lateral organs of which the youngest is always at the tip.")
- [Monotypic genus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/monotypic-genus "a genus which has only one species.")
- [Morphology](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/morphology "form and structure; the study of these.")
- [Mucro](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mucro "a short terminal point.")
- [Mucronate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mucronate "having a short terminal point.")
- [Mucronulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/mucronulate "having a very small mucro.")
- [Multiple fruit](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/multiple-fruit "collection of fruits produced by more than one flower.")
- [Muricate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/muricate "covered with short hard-pointed protuberances.")

### N

- [Naked](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/naked "without hairs;")
- [Nectar](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/nectar "a (sweet) fluid secreted from a specialized gland.")
- [Nectary](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/nectary "a specialized gland that secretes nectar.")
- [Net-veined](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/net-veined "see reticulate.")
- [Neuter](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/neuter "sterile.")
- [Nodding](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/nodding "hanging downwards.")
- [Node](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/node "the portion of the stem from which the leaf or bract arises.")
- [Nut](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/nut "dry, indehiscent, one-seeded fruit formed from 2 or more carpels.")

### O

- [Ob](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ob "a prefix signifying that the meaning of the simple word is reversed, e.g. obcordate - the reverse of cordate.")
- [Obconic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/obconic "conic but attached at the narrow end.")
- [Obcordate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/obcordate "heart-shaped and with the notch at the apex.")
- [Oblanceolate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/oblanceolate "roughly lanceolate but with the distal end broader than the basal portion.")
- [Obovate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/obovate "almost ovate but with the distal end broader.")
- [Obsolete](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/obsolete "lacking or rudimentary.")
- [Obtuse](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/obtuse "blunt or rounded at the apex.")
- [Ochrea](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ochrea "a sheath formed from 2 stipules encircling the stem in most Polygonaceae.")
- [Operculum](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/operculum "the structure covering the stamens and style of a flower bud (e.g. Eucalyptus) formed from the fused perianth segments.")
- [Opposite](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/opposite "arising at the same level but on opposite sides.")
- [Orbicular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/orbicular "perfectly or nearly circular.")
- [Order](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/order "a taxonomic group of related families.")
- [Osmophore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/osmophore "scent producing gland")
- [Ovary](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ovary "the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels in which one or more ovules are enclosed, and which after fertilization develops into the fruit.")
- [Ovate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ovate "less than 4 times as long as broad with the broadest part in the lower third.")
- [Ovoid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ovoid "the solid analogue of ovate.")
- [Ovule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ovule "the megasporangium (nucellus) together with the integuments of a seed plant. After fertilization the ovule develops into the seed.")

### P

- [Palate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/palate "the projection in the throat of a 2-lipped corolla (Scrophulariaceae).")
- [Palea](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/palea "the upper of two bracts enclosing the flower of a grass;")
- [Paleaceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/paleaceous "clothed with chaffy scales.")
- [Palmate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/palmate "divided into 5 or more leaflets, the leaflets diverging from the same point.")
- [Palmatifid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/palmatifid "divided into 5 or more distinct lobes almost to the petiole.")
- [Panicle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/panicle "a much branched racemose inflorescence, or the fertile spike of Filicatae (Pteridophyta).")
- [Papilionaceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/papilionaceous "butterfly-like; shaped like the flower of a pea, and belonging to the same family, Fabaceae.")
- [Papilla](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/papilla "a small elongated protuberance.")
- [Pappus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pappus "the appendages (hairs, scales, etc.) at the top of a cypsela of the Asteraceae.")
- [Papyraceous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/papyraceous "papery.")
- [Paraphyses](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/paraphyses "sterile filaments occurring amongst the sporangia of Filicopsida.")
- [Paripinnate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/paripinnate "pinnate and with an equal number of leaflets (i.e. without a terminal leaflet).")
- [Parasite](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/parasite "an organism living on or in, and deriving nourishment from, another organism (the host).")
- [Parietal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/parietal "attached to the sides or to a wall.")
- [Parietal placentation](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/parietal-placentation "the ovules attached to parietal placentas (i.e. on the outside wall of the ovary).")
- [Partite](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/partite "subdivided into segments, the divisions extending nearly to the base.")
- [Pectinato-pinnate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pectinato-pinnate "pinnate with narrow segments set like the teeth of a comb.")
- [Pedate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pedate "ternate with the lateral leaflets cleft.")
- [Pedicel](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pedicel "the stalk of each single flower, or of a sporangium of a fern or of a spikelet of a grass.")
- [Pedicellate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pedicellate "on a pedicel; having a pedicel.")
- [Peduncle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/peduncle "the stalk of an inflorescence;")
- [Pedunculate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pedunculate "on a peduncle.")
- [Pellucid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pellucid "transparent.")
- [Peltate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/peltate "having the stalk (petiole) attached at the back and ± in the centre.")
- [Penniveined](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/penniveined "pinnately veined.")
- [Penta-](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/penta- "five, used as a prefix.")
- [Pentagonous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pentagonous "5-sided.")
- [Peppermint (Bark)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/peppermint-(bark) "a fibrous barked tree or the bark itself, the fibres being short and not removable in long strings.")
- [Perennial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/perennial "living for more than 2 years.")
- [Perfect flower](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/perfect-flower "bisexual flower.")
- [Perianth](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/perianth "the calyx and corolla collectively, especially when they are morphologically similar.")
- [Pericarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pericarp "the wall of a fruit. developed from the ovary wall after fertilization.")
- [Perigynous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/perigynous "referring to stamens ( sometimes also to sepals and petals) which are attached to the rim of a lateral expansion of the receptacle (the expansion arising below the ovary, or attached to the rim of a floral tube which is not fused to the gynoecium).")
- [Perispore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/perispore "the folded membrane which assists a spore to float in the air.")
- [Persistent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/persistent "remaining until the part that bears it is fully matured.")
- [Petal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/petal "one of the usually conspicuous segments forming the inner whorl of the perianth.")
- [Petaloid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/petaloid "assuming the characters of petals.")
- [Petiole](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/petiole "the stalk of a leaf or the stipe of a pteridophyte.")
- [Petiolule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/petiolule "the stalk of a pinna, pinnule, or ultimate segment.")
- [Phyllode](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/phyllode "a flat petiole of lamina-like appearance.")
- [Phyllopodium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/phyllopodium "a short, erect, scaly base of a stipe to which a frond is articulated.")
- [Pilose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pilose "sprinkled with rather long simple hairs.")
- [Pinna](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pinna "the primary segments of a divided leaf lamina or of a larger pinna.")
- [Pinnate leaf](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pinnate-leaf "a compound leaf whose leaflets are arranged on opposite sides of a common rhachis.")
- [Pinnatifid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pinnatifid "cut into lobes on both sides about half-way to the midrib.")
- [Pinnule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pinnule "the ultimate segment of a divided pinna.")
- [Pistil](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pistil "a free carpel or group of fused carpels.")
- [Pistillate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pistillate "female.")
- [Pitted](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pitted "having numerous small depressions on the surface.")
- [Placenta](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/placenta "the part of the ovary to which the ovules are attached.")
- [Placentation](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/placentation "the arrangement of the placentas and of the ovules thereon.")
- [Plano-convex](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/plano-convex "flat on one side, convex on the other.")
- [Plicate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/plicate "folded longitudinally.")
- [Plumose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/plumose "like a feather, i.e. with a central axis and finer hairs arising from it.")
- [Plumule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/plumule "the shoot of the embryo.")
- [Pollen](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pollen "the male fertilizing element of seed plants.")
- [Pollen grain](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pollen-grain "microspore of seed plants, consisting of a spore coat and enclosed haploid nuclei.")
- [Pollination](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pollination "the transference of pollen from a microsporangium to the stigma of Magnoliopsida (Angiosperm) or the pollen chamber of Cycadopsida and Coniferopsida.")
- [Pollinium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pollinium "a mass of pollen grains cohering by means of their waxy texture or fine threads.")
- [Polygamous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/polygamous "having hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers mixed together.")
- [Polyhedral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/polyhedral "having many faces or planes.")
- [Polymorphic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/polymorphic "displaying many diversities of form.")
- [Polypetalous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/polypetalous "having free petals.")
- [Posterior](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/posterior "next to or towards the main axis.")
- [Prickle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/prickle "a hard, pointed emergence arising from subepidermal tissue, but not containing vascular tissue.")
- [Process](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/process "a projecting appendage.")
- [Procumbent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/procumbent "trailing or spreading along the ground without putting forth roots.")
- [Prohyll](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/prohyll "bracteole")
- [Proliferous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/proliferous "having adventitious leaf-buds which produce roots and new plants.")
- [Prostrate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/prostrate "lying close to or on the ground.")
- [Protandrous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/protandrous "having the male organ maturing before the female (e.g. anthers before stigmas).")
- [Protogynous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/protogynous "having the female organ maturing before the male (e.g. stigmas before anthers).")
- [Protostelic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/protostelic "having a simple and primitive type of stele with a solid central vascular strand.")
- [Pseudo-bulb](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pseudo-bulb "the swollen bulb-like internodes of the stems of many orchids.")
- [Pseudo-dichotomous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pseudo-dichotomous "falsely dichotomous.")
- [Pseudo-glumes](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pseudo-glumes "the bracts subtending the spikelets in Carex, the true glumes are absent")
- [Pubescent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pubescent "covered with short soft hairs.")
- [Pulvinus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pulvinus "a swollen base of a leaf, pinna, or pinnule, often capable of changing form which brings about movements of the leaf, pinna, or pinnule.")
- [Punctate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/punctate "marked with dots, depressions or translucent glands.")
- [Punctiform](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/punctiform "in the form of a dot; reduced to a dot.")
- [Pungent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pungent "sharp")
- [Pustule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pustule "pimple or blister")
- [Pyrene](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pyrene "endocarp and the enclosed seed of a drupe or drupaceous fruit.")
- [Pyriform](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/pyriform "pear-shaped.")

### Q

- [Quadrangular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/quadrangular "four-angled (hence four-sided).")
- [Quincuncial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/quincuncial "a type of aestivation.")
- [Quinquangular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/quinquangular "five-angled (hence five-sided).")

### R

- [Raceme](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/raceme "an inflorescence of stalked flowers whose growing point continues to add to the inflorescence so that the youngest flowers are nearest the apex.")
- [Radiate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/radiate "from a common centre.")
- [Radical (of leaves)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/radical-(of-leaves) "arising at the base of the stem and forming a rosette or tuft; basal.")
- [Radicle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/radicle "the rudimentary root in the embryo which develops into the tap-root.")
- [Rainforest (RF)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rainforest-(rf) "a community dominated by trees which have soft leaves and in which lianas and epiphytes are conspicuously present.")
- [Ray](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ray "the strap-like part of the corolla of a ray or ligulate floret of Asteraceae;")
- [Receptacle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/receptacle "the part of the axis which bears the floral parts;")
- [Recurved](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/recurved "curved backwards or downwards at a sharp angle.")
- [Regular](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/regular "(of flowers) having a radially symmetrical perianth.")
- [Reniform](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/reniform "resembling a kidney in shape.")
- [Replum](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/replum "a thin wall formed by the ingrowth of a false septum from the parietal placentas.")
- [Resupinate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/resupinate "turned through 180°; reversed.")
- [Reticulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/reticulate "forming a network.")
- [Retrorse](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/retrorse "bent backwards.")
- [Retuse](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/retuse "very obtuse with a slight depression at the apex.")
- [Revolute](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/revolute "rolled backwards from the extremity or edge on to the under surface.")
- [Rhachilla](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rhachilla "The axis of a grass spikelet above the glumes, or the axils of a sedge spikelet")
- [Rhachis](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rhachis "the axis or axes of a compound leaf bearing pinnae or pinnules, or of an inflorescence.")
- [Rhizome](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rhizome "an underground stem.")
- [Rhomboidal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rhomboidal "diamond-shaped or approximately so.")
- [Rootstock](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rootstock "a swollen root and part or all of a very short stem, sometimes partly underground.")
- [Rostellum](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rostellum "extension of the upper edge of the stigma of some orchids.")
- [Rostrate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rostrate "beaked.")
- [Rotate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rotate "having a regular, sympetalous corolla with a short tube and spreading limb; resembling a wheel.")
- [Rugose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rugose "covered with wrinkles.")
- [Rugulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rugulate "with small wrinkled ridges irregularly distributed.")
- [Runner](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/runner "a slender prostrate stem, having a bud at the end which sends out leaves and roots.")
- [Rupestral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/rupestral "plants growing on walls or rocks.")

### S

- [Saccate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/saccate "pouch-like.")
- [Sagittate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sagittate "shaped like the head of an arrow.")
- [Samara](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/samara "a winged achene or winged nut.")
- [Saprophyte](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/saprophyte "an organism using non-living (dead or decaying) organic matter for foodstuffs.")
- [Scaberulous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/scaberulous "slightly rough to the touch.")
- [Scabroso](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/scabroso "rough to touch.")
- [Scale](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/scale "any thin scarious body, usually a degenerate or rudimentary leaf;")
- [Scape](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/scape "a peduncle arising from near the ground and often solitary, leafless or with scale-leaves.")
- [Scarious](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/scarious "dry and membranous.")
- [Schizocarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/schizocarp "a dry fruit which on dehiscence, breaks up into individual carpels, each of which is called a mericarp.")
- [Schizocarp-capsule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/schizocarp-capsule "a schizocarp whose mericarps dehisce.")
- [Sclerophyll](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sclerophyll "a plant with hard stiff leaves.")
- [Scrub](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/scrub "a community dominated by shrubs.")
- [Scurfy](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/scurfy "scaly, the scales being bran-like.")
- [Secondary thickening](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/secondary-thickening "the formation of additional vascular and supporting tissue through the activities of the vascular cambium.")
- [Section](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/section "a subgroup of a genus used to identify closely related species.")
- [Secund](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/secund "with the parts directed to one side only.")
- [Seed](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/seed "the fertilized ovule of a plant, containing an embryo, and sometimes endosperm, which are covered by the seed coat.")
- [Segment](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/segment "each subdivision of a divided or dissected leaf;")
- [Sepal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sepal "one of the usually green segments forming the outer of the two whorls of leaf-like structures of a flower, and collectively known as the calyx .")
- [Sepaloid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sepaloid "assuming the character of sepals.")
- [Septate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/septate "divided by partitions.")
- [Septicidal](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/septicidal "(of capsules) dehiscing in the septa, i.e. along the lines of junction of the carpels.")
- [Septum](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/septum "a partition.")
- [Serrate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/serrate "notched on the edge with asymmetrical teeth which point forward.")
- [Serrulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/serrulate "minutely serrate.")
- [Sessile](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sessile "without a stalk (pedicel, peduncle, or petiole).")
- [Seta](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/seta "a stiff hair or bristle.")
- [Setose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/setose "bristly.")
- [Sheath](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sheath "a long tubular structure, either entire or split longitudinally on one side.")
- [Shrub](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/shrub "a woody plant less than 8 metres high and usually with many stems. Here, tall shrub is used to indicate a height of 2-8m; small shrub ca. 1-2m; and dwarf shrub less than 1m.")
- [Silicula](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/silicula "a dry dehiscent fruit, almost as broad as long or broader, formed from a superior ovary of two carpels and with 2 parietal placentas connected by a false-septum.")
- [Siliqua](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/siliqua "a dry dehiscent fruit, longer than broad, formed from a superior ovary of two carpels and with 2 partietal placentas connected by a false-septum.")
- [Simple](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/simple "(of leaves) undivided.")
- [Sinuate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sinuate "with a deep wavy margin.")
- [Sinus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sinus "a depression or cleft between two adjacent lobes.")
- [Slender](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/slender "long and thin.")
- [Solenostele](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/solenostele "a tubular stele which has internal and external phloem.")
- [Sorus](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sorus "a group of sporangia on the fronds of ferns.")
- [Spadix](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spadix "an inflorescence which is a spike with a fleshy axis, the whole usually surrounded by a spathe.")
- [Spathe](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spathe "a large bract situated at the base of a spadix which it encloses in a sheath.")
- [Spathulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spathulate "spoon-shaped; enlarged and rounded towards the summit.")
- [Species](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/species "a taxonomic unit of classification; the largest group of organisms potentially capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring for many generations.")
- [Spicate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spicate "resembling a spike.")
- [Spike](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spike "a racemose inflorescence of sessile flowers (or spikelets in the case of grasses) borne on a simple elongated axis.")
- [Spikelet](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spikelet "a unit of the grass inflorescence usually consisting of two glumes with one of more florets;")
- [Spike-like](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spike-like "outwardly resembling a spike but with short branches which are concealed by the spikelets of grasses.")
- [Spine](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spine "a hard pointed structure.")
- [Spinescent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spinescent "terminating in a spine.")
- [Spinule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spinule "a small spine.")
- [Spinulose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spinulose "with small spines on the surface.")
- [Sporangiophore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sporangiophore "an organ bearing a sporangium.")
- [Sporangium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sporangium "an organ which produced spores.")
- [Spore](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spore "a unicellular or few-celled asexual or sexual reproductive unit, not containing an embryo.")
- [Sporocarp](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sporocarp "the compact mass of sori enveloped in the indusium or sporophyll to form a hard subglobular or bean-shaped resting body - found only in water ferns.")
- [Sporophyll](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sporophyll "leaf-like structure which bears one or more sporangia.")
- [Spur](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/spur "a conical or cylindrical projection from the base or side of one of the perianth whorls.")
- [Squamule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/squamule "a small scale.")
- [Squarrose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/squarrose "with spreading or divergent scales.")
- [Stamen](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stamen "the structure in the flower which produces the pollen and consists of an anther and usually a filament.")
- [Staminate flowers](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/staminate-flowers "male flowers.")
- [Staminode](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/staminode "a sterile stamen, usually modified morphologically.")
- [Standard](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/standard "the large upper petal of the Papilionaceous (Fabaceae) flower.")
- [Stellate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stellate "star-shaped.")
- [Sterile](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sterile "without reproductive organs.")
- [Stigma](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stigma "that part of the style adapted for the reception and germination of pollen grains.")
- [Stipe](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stipe "a (small) stalk;")
- [Stipella](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stipella "a minute stipule at the base of a petiolule.")
- [Stipule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stipule "an appendage, pairs of which occur at the base of the petioles of some dicotyledons.")
- [Stock](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stock "see caudex.")
- [Stolon](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stolon "a lateral stem, growing above the ground, and which roots at its nodes; a runner.")
- [Stoloniferous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stoloniferous "producing stolons; in the form of a stolon.")
- [Stomium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stomium "an opening in the annulus of a sporangium through which dehiscence occurs and the spores are released.")
- [Stramineous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stramineous "Straw-like or straw-coloured.")
- [Striate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/striate "marked with parallel longitudinal lines.")
- [Stringybark](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/stringybark "a eucalypt bark characterized by long fibres which can be removed in long strings or ropes.")
- [Style](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/style "that part of the pistil situated above the ovary and bearing the stigma.")
- [Sub (as a prefix)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sub-(as-a-prefix) "under or below;")
- [Subfamily](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/subfamily "a group of closely related genera within a family.")
- [Subspecies (ssp.)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/subspecies-(ssp.) "a subgrouping within a species used to describe variants which are isolated by various means.")
- [Subtend](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/subtend "to stand below or close to.")
- [Subulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/subulate "and gradually tapering to a fine point.")
- [Succulent](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/succulent "juicy; fleshy - applied either to fruits, leaves or stems;")
- [Sucker](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sucker "a shoot of either subterranean or subaerial origin;")
- [Sufruticose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sufruticose "woody in lower part of stem, but with herbaceous branches")
- [Superficial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/superficial "(as applied to sori) arising from the surface of a frond.")
- [Superior ovary](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/superior-ovary "one which lies above the point of insertion of the calyx; or, when a floral tube is present, one which is free from the floral tube,")
- [Suture](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/suture "a seam or plane of junction between the carpels of a syncarpous ovary;")
- [Syconium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/syconium "a fig, the multiple fruit of the genus Ficus.")
- [Sympetalous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sympetalous "with the petals connate.")
- [Sympodial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/sympodial "a dichotomy where at each forking, one branch continues to develope and the other aborts;")
- [Syn (as a prefix)](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/syn-(as-a-prefix) "together.")
- [Synangium](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/synangium "a composite sporangium with a series of loculi.")
- [Syncarpous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/syncarpous "having the carpels connate into a single unit.")

### T

- [Taproot](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/taproot "the main root of a plant when it descends perpendicularly into the soil; the mature radicle.")
- [Taxon](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/taxon "a term used to describe any taxonomic category, e.g. subspecies, species, family, etc.")
- [Taxonomy](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/taxonomy "classification.")
- [Tendril](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tendril "part of a plant modified into a slender elongated organ used in climbing.")
- [Terete](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/terete "cylindrical or nearly so.")
- [Ternate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ternate "arranged in threes.")
- [Terrestrial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/terrestrial "growing on land.")
- [Tesselated](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tesselated "divided into squares or squarish pieces.")
- [Testa](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/testa "the seed coat.")
- [Tetragonous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tetragonous "having four angles.")
- [Tetrahedral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tetrahedral "having four sides.")
- [Thorn](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/thorn "a reduced branch with a hard, sharp point.")
- [Thyrse](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/thyrse "a series of cymes arranged in a racemose manner and reducing to a single flower distally.")
- [Tomentose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tomentose "covered with closely matted short hairs.")
- [Translator](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/translator "(of Apocynaceae) a horny elastic body to which the pollen masses are fixed.")
- [Trapeziform](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/trapeziform "a plane shape of 4 unequal sides.")
- [Tree](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tree "a woody plant usually with a single stem (trunk) exceeding 8m in height.")
- [Tribe](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tribe "a group of related genera within a family or subfamily.")
- [Trifid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/trifid "cleft into three to ca. the middle.")
- [Trifoliolate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/trifoliolate "having three leaflets.")
- [Trigonous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/trigonous "having three angles.")
- [Trimerous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/trimerous "three (or multiples of three) segments in each floral whorl.")
- [Tripinnate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tripinnate "thrice pinnate.")
- [Tripliveined](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tripliveined "with three main veins.")
- [Triquetrous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/triquetrous "having three prominent angles or ridges.")
- [Triternate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/triternate "thrice ternate, i.e. divided into 3 three times giving 27 segments.")
- [Triveined](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/triveined "having three approximately longitudinal main veins.")
- [Truncate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/truncate "terminating abruptly as if cut off transversely.")
- [Trunk](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/trunk "the main stem of a tree.")
- [Tuber](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tuber "the swollen end of an underground stem containing food reserves. A root tuber is a swollen part of a root, containing food reserves.")
- [Tuberculate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tuberculate "warted or warty; having swellings or nodules.")
- [Tuberous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tuberous "swollen - the term is usually applied to roots and not to true tubers.")
- [Tufted](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/tufted "growing in (little) clumps.")
- [Turbinate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/turbinate "shaped like a top.")
- [Turgid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/turgid "bloated; inflated; swollen.")
- [Twiner](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/twiner "a climbing plant supporting itself by winding spirally round an object.")

### U

- [Umbel](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/umbel "racemose inflorescence in which all the pedicels arise at the tip of the peduncle and the flower lie  at the same level.")
- [Umbellate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/umbellate "in the form of an umbel.")
- [Umbellule](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/umbellule "an ultimate umbel of a compound umbel.")
- [Umbo](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/umbo "an elevation in the centre.")
- [Undulate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/undulate "wavy, corrugated.")
- [Uni](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/uni "one.")
- [Unilateral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/unilateral "one-sided.")
- [Uniserial](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/uniserial "in a single row or series.")
- [Urceolate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/urceolate "urn-shaped.")
- [Utricle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/utricle "the membranous covering, possibly a modified glume, which surrounds the ovary of Cyperaceae-Caricoideae.")

### V

- [Valvate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/valvate "with the edges touching;")
- [Valve](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/valve "a distinct portion into which some organs break;")
- [Variety](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/variety "a taxonomic subdivision of a polymorphic species.")
- [Vascular bundle](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/vascular-bundle "the primary conducting system consisting principally of xylem and phloem.")
- [Vegetation](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/vegetation "the total aggregation of plant communities in an area.")
- [Vein](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/vein "the vascular bundles of a leaf.")
- [Velamen](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/velamen "the absorbent multiple epidermis on the roots of some epiphytes, especially orchids.")
- [Velutinous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/velutinous "densely covered with fine, short, soft, erect hairs.")
- [Venation](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/venation "the manner in which the veins of leaves are arranged.")
- [Ventral](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/ventral "the surface facing the main axis: the upper surface of leaves.")
- [Vernation](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/vernation "the manner in which unexpanded leaves are arranged in the leafbud.")
- [Verrucose](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/verrucose "warted.")
- [Versatile](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/versatile "(of anthers) joined to the filament by the midpoint and swinging freely.")
- [Verticillate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/verticillate "arranged in a whorl or in whorls.")
- [Villous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/villous "covered with long weak hairs.")
- [Virgate](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/virgate "twiggy.")
- [Viscid](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/viscid "coated with a sticky substance.")
- [Vitta](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/vitta "linear, longitudinal oil glands in the wall of the fruit of many Apiaceae.")
- [Viviparous](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/viviparous "germinating or sprouting from the seed or bud while still attached to the parent plant.")
- [Vulnerable](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/vulnerable "listed under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995")

### W

- [Whorl](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/whorl "a group of three or more appendages arising from the axis at the same level.")
- [Wing](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/wing "the membranous border of many seeds;")

### X

- [Xeromorph](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/xeromorph "a plant which has the morphological characters of a xerophyte but which is not necessarily drought resistant.")
- [Xerophyte](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/xerophyte "a drought resistant plant.")

### Z

- [Zygomorphic](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/glossary/zygomorphic "a flower which has one or more of its perianth segments very dissimilar in shape from the others of the whorl; a bilaterally symmetrical flower.")