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How to find information
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# How to find information

**Source**: https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/how-to-find-information/
**Parent**: https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/learning-at-university/

1. [Home](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz)
 » 2. [Finding information](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/category/finding-information/)

# How to find information

- [What are you looking for?](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/what-are-you-looking-for/)
  - [Identify keywords](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/what-are-you-looking-for/#identify-keywords)
  - [Identify the type(s) of information you need](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/what-are-you-looking-for/#identify-the-type-of-information-you-need)
- [Where to find information](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/where-to-find-information/)
- [How to find information](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/how-to-find-information/)
  - [Find information by type](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/how-to-find-information/)
  - [Find information by subject](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/how-to-find-information/#find-information-by-subject)
  - [Search Catalogues and databases](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/how-to-find-information/#how-to-search-catalogues-and-databases)
- [How to evaluate information](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/evaluating-sources/)
  - [Rauru Whakarare](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/evaluating-sources/rauruwhakarare/)
  - [SIFT](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/evaluating-sources/sift-framework/)
  - [TRAAP](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/evaluating-sources/traap/)
- [How to find course readings](https://onlineresources.blogs.auckland.ac.nz/files/2024/07/Finding-course-readings-in-Canvas.pdf)

Finding what you are looking for is not always easy. Discover strategies for finding the information you need.

## How do I find different types of information?

Many information needs can be met by finding relevant **books**, **journal articles**, **reference sources** and **theses**. Learn how to find these and **other types of information**.

- [Books & articles](#)
- [Reference sources](#)
- [Theses](#)
- [Other information types](#)

#### Why use books and journal articles?

- **Books** provide broad and comprehensive coverage of a topic. Because they take longer to be published the information may be a little older.
- **Journal articles** cover a specific aspect of a topic in greater depth. Because they are published frequently they may be better for more up-to-date information.

#### How do I find books and journal articles?

Search the [Catalogue](https://catalogue.library.auckland.ac.nz/primo-explore/search?vid=NEWUI) and select the appropriate filter (books/articles) below the search bar.

- Search by title, author or other information available if you know the book/article.
- Search by [keywords](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/what-are-you-looking-for/#identify-keywords) if you need to find resources on your topic.

Learn more about [searching the catalogue](#how-to-search-catalogues-and-databases) for books and articles.\

If you have searched the catalogue thoroughly and still require more information, try using a Library database. Check your [subject guide](https://auckland.libguides.com/home) for database selection.

#### What are reference sources?

Reference sources are generally entries from a **dictionary** or **encyclopedia**. Dictionaries can help clarify terms you are not familiar with, while encyclopedias can provide background knowledge on a topic or subject. Use the reference list from a dictionary or encyclopedia entry to find other resources.

#### How do I find reference sources on my topic?

There are a number of ways to locate reference sources. Try these strategies:

- A relevant [**subject guide**](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/guides) will often direct you to suitable reference sources.
- Search **[the catalogue](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&lang=en):**
  - By **title,** if you know a dictionary or encyclopedia.
  - By **keywords,** (e.g., dictionaries history) if you need to find resources on your subject.
- Search **[the catalogue](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&lang=en)** for your specific topic then refine your results by **Format** > **Reference entries**.

To learn more, see our guide to [Dictionaries and encyclopedias.](https://auckland.libguides.com/dictionaries-and-enclyclopedias)

**TIP:** It is better to use the plural (dictionaries or encyclopedias) when searching for a reference item.

#### What are theses?

Most theses are the research output of a masters or doctoral degree. Finding relevant theses is an essential part of research planning because you want to know that your proposed research will be original.

#### How do I find theses?

You can locate some theses in **[the catalogue](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&lang=en)** by refining your results by **format > theses**. However, for a thorough search of theses on your topic you should consult the [**Theses and Dissertations Guide.**](https://auckland.libguides.com/theses-and-dissertations)

Many types of information can be located in the library **[catalogue](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&lang=en)** by refining your search results by **format**. The information types below may require additional actions to ensure a thorough search.

#### Learn how to find these information types:

| **Type of information** | **Why use it?** | **How do I locate it?** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Audiovisual items** | Audiovisual (audio and video) items can form the basis of, or add weight and a dynamic element to your research. | - Search the [Library website](https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/library.html) and refine results by *videos,* etc. - Search [TV & Radio](https://collections.library.auckland.ac.nz/tv-radio/). - Find a database which includes [videos](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/dbsearch?query=any,contains,video&tab=jsearch_slot&vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&offset=0&databases=any,video). |
| **Conferences and proceedings** | Conference proceedings and individual papers can be a good source of research. You may find other sources of information which have been referred to in these papers. | - Search the [Library website](https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/library.html) and refine results by *format > conference proceedings*. - Search these databases and catalogues:   - [Web of Science (select *Conference Proceedings Citation Indexes)*](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/13vfdcn/alma9988598414002091)   - [Scopus](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/1lk16jl/alma99134396714002091)   - [Google Scholar](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/1lk16jl/alma99264734113602091)   - [APAIS (Australian Public Affairs)](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/1lk16jl/alma9954799314002091)   - [PAIS International and Sociological Abstracts](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/1lk16jl/alma9954799314002091)   - [Te Puna: NZ national union catalogue](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/1lk16jl/alma9988450814002091)   - [WorldCat](https://www.worldcat.org/) |
| **Cultural Collections** | These primary and archive materials are invaluable sources of unique information for researchers from across the university and beyond. | Cultural Collections is made up of:   - [Special Collections](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/about-us/collections/special-collections) - [University of Auckland Art Collection](https://artcollection.auckland.ac.nz/) - [Archive of Maori and Pacific Sound](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/about-us/collections/special-collections/amps) - [TV and Radio](https://collections.library.auckland.ac.nz/tv-radio/) |
| **Journal** | Check journal holdings to potentially locate full-text of journal articles you’ve been unable to find using other methods. Set up a journal *Table of Contents Alerts* to keep up-to-date with articles being published. | - Search the [Library website](https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/library.html) for the title of the journal and refine results by *journals**.* - Check whether the Library holds the year/volume/issue you need by clicking on the *Available* link(s) (print and/or online). |
| **Legal information** | You may need to find legal information such as New Zealand legislation and legal cases for your study and research. | - Access current [New Zealand legislation](http://www.legislation.govt.nz) online. - Use [Westlaw NZ](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/1lk16jl/alma99100548814002091) or [Lexis Advance](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/1lk16jl/alma99265472480602091) to access New Zealand legal cases. - Check the [Law subject guides](https://auckland.libguides.com/law) for New Zealand and international legal information. - Use the [Legal Research Skills Hub](https://canvas.auckland.ac.nz/courses/42338) to learn to find and analyse legal information. |
| **Manuscripts and archives** | These are the unpublished records of individuals and organisations, preserved for their research value. | - Search [Manuscripts and archives](https://archives.library.auckland.ac.nz/) |
| **Newspaper and media articles** | Use newspapers and other media articles to identify up-to-date economic, social and political issues and gauge public opinion on a topic, or to gain an understanding of these for a period of interest in the past. | - Use [Newspaper search.](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/npsearch?vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI) - For a more thorough search (including TV and radio news) consult the [Newsmedia Guide](https://auckland.libguides.com/news-media). |
| **Patents** | Patents help you check originality (avoid infringement), avoid duplication of research efforts, and identify new trends. | - Check the guide to [Patents](https://auckland.libguides.com/patents). - Find a [database](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/dbsearch?vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI) which includes patents. - Search a database from your [subject guide](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/guides) and refine by patents, if available. |
| **Standards** | Check standards for best practice and/or compliance. | - Check the guide to [Standards.](https://auckland.libguides.com/standards) - Find a database which includes [standards](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/dbsearch?query=any,contains,standards&tab=jsearch_slot&vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&offset=0&databases=any,standards). - Search a database from your [subject guide](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/guides) and refine by standards, if available. |
| **Statistics and numeric data** | Statistical resources and analysis can provide evidence for your study and research. | - Check the guide to [Statistics and numeric data](https://auckland.libguides.com/statistics-and-numeric-data). - Find a database which includes [statistics](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/dbsearch?query=any,contains,statistics&tab=jsearch_slot&vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&offset=0&databases=any,statistics). - Search a database from your [subject guide](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/guides) and refine by statistics, if available. |

## Finding information by subject

Not sure where to get started with your topic? Our **subject guides** can help you find useful resources.

- [Subject guides](#)
- [New Zealand resources](#)
- [Māori resources](#)
- [Pacific resources](#)

Our [subject guides](https://auckland.libguides.com/home) are great for getting started with research. Each guide will help you find databases, books, journals, websites and other resources relevant to your subject area.

There are many guides containing New Zealand information including these below:

- [Statistics and Numeric Data](https://auckland.libguides.com/statistics-and-numeric-data)
- [News media](https://auckland.libguides.com/news-media)
- [Maps and Geospatial Data](https://auckland.libguides.com/maps-and-geospatial-data)
- [Images](https://auckland.libguides.com/images)
- [Dictionaries and Encyclopedias](https://auckland.libguides.com/dictionaries-and-enclyclopedias)
- [Aotearoa New Zealand History](https://auckland.libguides.com/history/aotearoa-new-zealand)
- [Legal Resources](https://auckland.libguides.com/law)

Also check [Library databases containing New Zealand content](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/dbsearch?query=any,contains,new%20zealand&tab=jsearch_slot&vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&offset=10&databases=any,new%20zealand).

Our [Māori guide](https://auckland.libguides.com/maori) has a wide range of resources including media, databases, dictionaries and select bibliographies. Several faculties also have guides focusing on specific subjects:

- [Māori Business](https://auckland.libguides.com/maori-business)
- [Māori Land Law](https://auckland.libguides.com/maori-land-law)
- [Māori and Indigenous Education](https://auckland.libguides.com/education/maori-and-indigenous-education)
- [Hauora Māori (Māori Health)](https://auckland.libguides.com/hauora-maori)

Also check [Library databases containing Māori content](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/dbsearch?query=any,contains,maori&tab=jsearch_slot&vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&offset=0&databases=any,maori).

Our [Pacific guide](https://auckland.libguides.com/pacific) has a wide range of resources including databases, bibliographies, dictionaries, news and media. Several faculties also have guides focussing on specific subjects:

- [Pacific Business](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/guides/business/pacific-business)
- [Pasifika Education](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/guides/education/pasifika-education)
- [Pacific Health](https://auckland.libguides.com/pacific-health)
- [Pacific History](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/guides/arts/pacific-history)
- [Asia-Pacific Legal Resources](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/guides/law/asia-pacific-legal-resources)

Also check [Library databases containing Pacific content](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/dbsearch?query=any,contains,pacific&tab=jsearch_slot&vid=64UAUCK_INST:NEWUI&offset=0&databases=any,pacific).

## How do I search catalogues and databases?

Once you know what sort of information you are looking for you will likely need to search a library catalogue or database. Check out these videos on how to search catalogues and databases.

- [Search the Catalogue](#)
- [Search a Database](#)
- [Search Google Scholar](#)

This video is about finding books and articles in the Library catalogue, but the same strategies can be used to find other types of information too.

- For more help see [Introduction to the Catalogue](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/files/2024/01/TTH_Catalogue_Guide_2025.pdf).
- See the vendor [guide to the Library Catalogue.](https://knowledge.exlibrisgroup.com/Primo/Product_Documentation/020Primo_VE/Primo_VE_(English)/150End_User_Help)

This video demonstrates a search of the Ebscohost database, however you can apply these strategies to most other library databases (and catalogues).

Google Scholar contains peer-reviewed articles, theses, books, preprints, abstracts and technical reports.

- Check out this [guide to searching Google Scholar](https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/docs/helpsheets/googlescholarguide.pdf).
- Use the [Library’s link to Google Scholar](https://auckland.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/64UAUCK_INST/1lk16jl/alma99264734113602091). This gives free access to full-text material to which the Library subscribes.

## How can I get better results?

Sometimes you might get too many or not enough results. Using these strategies in library catalogues and databases will help you to improve your search results.

- [Keywords](#)
- [Symbols](#)
- [Filters](#)
- [Advanced search](#)
- [Similar resources](#)

- Don’t be too specific to start with.
- **Fewer keywords** will widen your search.
- Change, add or remove **keywords** from your search.
- Keep trying different combinations from your [keyword table](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/what-are-you-looking-for/#identify-keywords).

#### Use symbols to narrow or widen your search

- Use an **asterisk \*** to find different endings of your keyword e.g., **sustain\*** will find sustain, sustainable, sustainability…
- Use **“quotation marks”** to search for a phrase e.g., **“green building”** will find resources with this phrase only, not any resource that has the words ‘building’ and ‘green’ anywhere in it.

#### Use filters to narrow your search results

Most catalogues and databases will provide and option to **refine, filter or limit** your search results. You can usually filter results by:

- Date
- Subject
- Peer reviewed / Scholarly articles
- Format (article, book, image, thesis, newspaper article, etc.)

#### Try the advanced search for more control

Most catalogues and databases have this option to allow you to refine what you are searching for. Using the **boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT** in advanced search can help you control your search more effectively. Watch this video on using **AND, OR** and **NOT**.

If you have found a useful resource, use it to find **similar resources**:

- Check the **reference list/bibliography** to lead you to other resources on the topic.
- Check the results page for a section called **suggested articles**, or **related readings**, etc.
- Check whether it has been **cited by** a more recent publication.
- Scan the bibliography/reference list for relevant readings.
- Check for other works by the **author(s)**.
- Use **subject headings** to help you find more information on the same topic.

### Related topics

- [Reading Effectively](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/reading-effectively/atuniversity/)
- [Evaluating sources](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/finding-information/evaluating-sources/)
- [Referencing](https://learningessentials.auckland.ac.nz/referencing/introduction-to-referencing/)

### Workshops

- [Academic Skills: Finding information](https://auckland.campuslabs.com/engage/events?categories=19066)

See all [available workshops.](https://auckland.campuslabs.com/engage/organization/tetumuherenga)

**Short on time? Watch a video on:**

- [Finding information](https://canvas.auckland.ac.nz/courses/99789/pages/finding-information) – 5:38

Have any questions?

[Ask us](https://www.forms.auckland.ac.nz/en/public/library/ask-us.html)